英文名称：Calendar Year 中文名称：日历年从1月1日开始到12月31日结束的一年。e.g. Dixon said last week that around 100,000 jobs would be cut in the global aviation industry by the end of this calendar year.The one-year period that begins on January 1 and ends on December 31, based on the commonly used Gregorian calendar. For individual and corporate taxation purposes, a calendar year will generally comprise all of the year's financial information used to calculate income tax payable. Most individuals and many companies use the calendar year as their fiscal year, or the one-year period on which their payable taxes are calculated. However, some companies choose to report their taxes based on a fiscal year (e.g. starting on April 1 and ending on March 31) to better conform to seasonality patterns or other accounting concerns applicable to their businesses.
替代最小赋税替代最小赋税税法条款确保个人和公司会付一些所得税，不管他们有多少扣抵或信用额度。在AMT之下，特定的金钱通常不得被视为应扣税的所得，例如通常为可抵税所得的总合，或者是免税债券的所得，都会被视为是缴税的。替代性最低税是基于防止高收入个人利用税收优惠项目避税的目的而作出的一种税收安排 个人分别按正常收入和AMT收入计算个人所得税，如果前者税额高于后者税额，按前者税额纳税，如果前者税额低于后者税额，除交纳前者税额外，还应交纳两者税额之间的差额即AMT税额。AMT的原理就是把税收优惠项目纳人到个人所得税的税基之中。美国的联邦个人所得税就是按调整后的个人所得加上税收优惠项目减去分项扣除项目及税收豁免后再乘以AMT适用税率得出一个税额，这个税额超过正常收入计算出来的税额部分就是纳税人应交的AMT税额。 A tax calculation that adds certain tax preference items back into adjusted gross income. Alternative minimum tax (AMT) uses a separate set of rules to calculate taxable income after allowed deductions. Preferential deductions are added back, and then the AMT exemption is subtracted to get the AMT taxable income (AMTI). AMTI is then taxed at the current rate schedule to get tentative minimum tax (TMT). If TMT is higher than the regular tax liability for the year, the regular tax and the amount by which the TMT exceeds the regular tax are paid (i.e. the taxpayer pays the full TMT). AMT is designed to prevent taxpayers from escaping their fair share of tax liability through certain tax breaks, although the structure is rife with controversy as it is not indexed to inflation or tax cuts. This causes a condition known as "bracket creep", whereby upper-middle-income taxpayers are becoming subject to this tax. In 2006, the IRS National Taxpayer Advocate reported that the AMT often punishes taxpayers for having children or living in high-tax states.
A type of annuity that allows the investor (the holder of the annuity) control in the underlying investments in the annuity plan. An annuity is tax-deferred contract sold my an insurance copany that pays an income benefit on a regular basis for the life of the contract holder, the life of his or her spouse, or some other defined time period. The wraparound option give annuity holder the benefit of choosing the type of investment in the annuity. Because the income generated in a wraparound annuity plan is tax-deferred (that is, no taxes are paid until a withdrawal is made), the IRS no longer allows individuals to choose underlying investments for the purpose of evading taxes. The exception is when the annuity holder could not otherwise purchase a type of fund; in other words, the IRS does not allow individuals to shelter funds in the tax-deferred annuity if the underlying investments can be purchased through other means (without a tax deferral).
英文名称：Effective Tax Rate 中文名称：有效税率指纳税方纳税时所实际负担的有效税率，该税率考虑了各种税收优惠和相关税收政策对税率的影响，因而与名义税率（nominal tax rate）有所偏差。有效税率的计算方法为实际已付总税款与应课税收入的比值。The rate a taxpayer would be taxed at if taxing was done at a constant rate, instead of progressively. Calculated as total tax paid divided by taxable income. This is the net rate a taxpayer pays if you include all forms of taxes.
An option contract giving the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell a specified amount of an underlying security at a specified price within a specified time. This is the opposite of a call option, which gives the holder the right to buy shares. A put becomes more valuable as the price of the underlying stock depreciates relative to the strike price. For example, if you have one Mar 08 Taser 10 put, you have the right to sell 100 shares of Taser at $10 until March 2008 (usually the third Friday of the month). If shares of Taser fall to $5 and you exercise the option, you can purchase 100 shares of Taser for $5 in the market and sell the shares to the option's writer for $10 each, which means you make $500 (100 x ($10-$5)) on the put option. Note that the maximum amount of potential proft in this example ignores the premium paid to obtain the put option. 看跌期权（Put Options，PUTS），也称敲出期权（Knock-out Option） 目录 1 什么是看跌期权 什么是看跌期权 看跌期权又称认沽期权、卖出期权、出售期权、卖权选择权、卖方期权、卖权、延卖期权或敲出期权：是指期权的购买者拥有在期权合约有效期内按执行价格卖出一定数量标的物的权利。
英文名称：AR应收账款是指企业在生产经营过程中因销售商品或提供劳务而应向购货单位或接受劳务单位收取的款项。 Money owed by customers (individuals or corporations) to another entity in exchange for goods or services that have been delivered or used, but not yet paid for. Receivables usually come in the form of operating lines of credit and are usually due within a relatively short time period, ranging from a few days to a year. On a public company's balance sheet, accounts receivable is often recorded as an asset because this represents a legal obligation for the customer to remit cash for its short-term debts If a company has receivables, this means it has made a sale but has yet to collect the money from the purchaser. Most companies operate by allowing some portion of their sales to be on credit. These type of sales are usually made to frequent or special customers who are invoiced periodically, and allows them to avoid the hassle of physically making payments as each transaction occurs. In other words, this is when a customer gives a company an IOU for goods or services already received or rendered.Accounts receivable are not limited to businesses - individuals have them as well. People get receivables from their employers in the form of a monthly or bi-weekly paycheck. They are legally owed this money for services (work) already provided. When a company owes debts to its suppliers or other parties, these are known as accounts payable.
A law that allows spouses and children to contest a will if they are not adequately provided for. This doesn't necessarily mean that those left not provided for are guaranteed to get something, it just means they have the ability to contest the will.
房地产税A tax assessed on real estate by the local government. The tax is usually based on the value of the property (including the land) you own. This tax is mainly used by municipalities for repairing roads, building schools and snow removal, or other similar services.
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