The exchange of one currency for another, or the conversion of one currency into another currency. Foreign exchange also refers to the global market where currencies are traded virtually around-the-clock. The term foreign exchange is usually abbreviated as "forex" and occasionally as "FX." |||Foreign exchange transactions encompass everything from the conversion of currencies by a traveler at an airport kiosk to billion-dollar payments made by corporate giants and governments for goods and services purchased overseas. Increasing globalization has led to a massive increase in the number of foreign exchange transactions in recent decades. The global foreign exchange market is by far the largest financial market, with average daily volumes in the trillions of dollars.
什么是技术改造贷款 技术改造贷款主要指用于支持现有企事业法人以内涵扩大再生产为主的固定资产投资项目发放的贷款。 目录 1技术改造贷款的种类 2技术改造贷款的期限与利率 3技术改造贷款的对象 4技术改造贷款的条件 5相关条目 技术改造贷款的种类 技术改造贷款的种类可划分为专项技术改造贷款和一般技术改造贷款。 技术改造贷款的期限与利率 项目的贷款期限一般掌握在5年以内，最长不超过7年。 技术改造贷款利率，按中国人民银行规定的利率执行，并根据借款期限的长短，实行期限利率。 技术改造贷款的对象 凡是经工商行政管理部门登记注册，持有营业执照，实行独立经济核算，具有法人资格，有还款能力的企事业单位，均可向建设银行申请技术改造贷款。 技术改造贷款的条件 申请银行贷款的项目必须符合国家的投资政策和投资方向，具有经有权机关批准的项目建议书(或设计任务书)、可行性研究报告(或项目实施方案) 和设计文件等；列入年度技术改造投资计划；项目自筹资金已按规定比例落实，并一次或分次存入建设银行；生产工艺成熟，技术过关，所需原材料、燃料、动力有可靠来源，“三废”治理、环保措施同时安排，竣工验收后能正常生产；项目建设所需设备、材料、施工力量已有安排，能够保证按期竣工投产；产品适销对路，在国内外市场上有竞争能力，经济效益好；企业经营管理水平较高，恪守信用，有按期还本付息的能力；有承担贷款风险的可靠措施，能落实具有法人资格、有偿还能力、实行独立核算的第三方保证单位或有属己财产作抵押。 相关条目 基本建设贷款 技术改造贷款 科技开发贷款
The market in which participants are able to buy, sell, exchange and speculate on currencies. Foreign exchange markets are made up of banks, commercial companies, central banks, investment management firms, hedge funds, and retail forex brokers and investors. The forex market is considered to be the largest financial market in the world. Watch: Forex Market Basics |||Because the currency markets are large and liquid, they are believed to be the most efficient financial markets. It is important to realize that the foreign exchange market is not a single exchange, but is constructed of a global network of computers that connects participants from all parts of the world.
A monetary policy tool in which a central bank takes an active participatory role in influencing the monetary funds transfer rate of the national currency. Central banks, especially those in developing countries, intervene in the foreign exchange market in order to build reserves, stabilize the exchange rate and to correct misalignments. The success of foreign exchange intervention depends on how the central bank sterilizes the impact of its interventions, as well as general macroeconomic policies set by the government. |||Two difficulties that central banks face is determining the timing and amount of intervention, as this is often a judgment call rather than a cold, hard fact. The amount of reserves, the type of economic trouble facing the country and the ever changing market conditions makes taking the best course of action difficult. Foreign exchange interventions can be risky in that they can undermine a central bank's credibility if it fails to maintain stability. Defending the national currency from speculation was a precipitating cause of the 1994 currency crisis in Mexico, and was a leading factor in the Asian financial crisis of 1997.
An association of banks specializing in the foreign exchange activities in India. The Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India, which was created in 1958, regulates the governing rules and determines the commissions and charges associated with the interbank foreign exchange business. |||FEDAI determines many of the rules that overlook the day-to-day forex transactions in India. In addition to rule setting, FEDAI assists member banks by acting as an advisor and assists with the training of personnel. The association is responsible for accrediting India's foreign exchange brokers and announcing the exchange rates to its member banks.
An agreement to make a currency exchange between two foreign parties. The agreement consists of swapping principal and interest payments on a loan made in one currency for principal and interest payments of a loan of equal value in another currency. The Federal Reserve System offered this type of swap to several developing countries in 2008. |||The World Bank first introduced currency swaps in 1981 in an effort to obtain German marks and Swiss francs. This type of swap can be done on loans with maturities as long as 10 years. They differ from interest rate swaps because they also involve principal.
A country's exchange rate regime where its currency is set by the foreign-exchange market through supply and demand for that particular currency relative to other currencies. Thus, floating exchange rates change freely and are determined by trading in the forex market. This is in contrast to a "fixed exchange rate" regime. |||In some instances, if a currency value moves in any one direction at a rapid and sustained rate, central banks intervene by buying and selling its own currency reserves (i.e. Federal Reserve in the U.S.) in the foreign-exchange market in order to stabilize the local currency. However, central banks are reluctant to intervene, unless absolutely necessary, in a floating regime.
A point when traders shift from having more long positions to having more short positions. |||This can be a very effective tool for determining the trend of a certain currency. A shift from long to short positions indicates that the market's bullish outlook on a specific currency could be coming to an end.
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