When a money market mutual fund's net asset value (NAV) drops below $1 per share. Money market funds aren't federally insured like bank deposits; therefore, fund assets have an implied promise to preserve capital at all costs and preserve the $1 floor on share prices. These funds are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and Rule 2a-7 restricts what they can invest in based on credit quality and maturities with the hope of ensuring principal stability. Breaking the buck is an extremely rare event that money market fund managers always want to avoid, but it can occur if the underlying fund investments (which are generally assumed to be completely safe) significantly drop in value. This can happen if the underlying investments suffer large losses, such as defaults or strong moves in interest rates. Several funds reached or approached this critical point (from an investor faith standpoint) during the credit crisis that occurred as a result of a drop in mortgage-related assets beginning in 2007.
The difference between the price at which a market maker is willing to buy a security and the price at which the firm is willing to sell it (the difference between the bid and ask for a given security). Because each market maker can either buy or sell a stock at any given time, the spread represents the market maker's profit on each trade. Market makers are limited in the size of spread they can offer. The bid/ask spread has a maximum size to prevent cheating and manipulation of stock prices.
什么是股权投资 股权投资，是企业购买的其他企业的股票或以货币资金、无形资产和其他实物资产直接投资于其他单位。长期股权投资的最终目的是为了获得较大的经济利益，这种经济利益可以通过分得利润或股利获取，也可以通过其他方式取得，如被投资单位生产的产品为投资企业生产所需的原材料，在市场上这种原材料的价格波动较大，且不能保证供应。在这种情况下，投资企业通过所持股份，达到控制或对被投资单位施加重大影响，使其生产所需的原材料能够直接从被投资单位取得，而且价格比较稳定，保证其生产经营的顺利进行。但是，如果被投资单位经营状况不佳，或者进行破产清算时，投资企业作为股东，也需要承担相应的投资损失。
什么是防守股 防守股指在经济条件恶化时，股息和红利要高于其他股票平均收益的股票来说，此类股票的发行公司大多是经营公用事业及生活必需品的行业，例如水、电、交通、食品、医药等，其发行的股票也称“公用股” 或“基础股”。 与周期股相反，即经营比较稳定，不受经济周期变动影响，因而能持续地提供稳定股利的股票。 防守股的特点 抗跌力强是防守股的特色之一。在熊市中，这类股票的跌幅往往最小，而在牛市阶段初期，它们的回升又最快。因为防守股发行公司所经营的公用事业或生活必需品，所以其行业一般也受到政府保护，其需求弹性又不大，所以经受经济衰退的打击比较小。但防守股在牛市的中、后期升幅却不大，这也是由于其发行公司盈利较为平稳原故。 一般而言，投资于防守股风险性较小，收益较为稳定，适于以投资为主要目的而不是以短期价差为主要目的的投资者，即适用于长期投资。 行业的生命周期 公司处于行业发展的不同阶段，其经营收益和风险程度就会不同，进而其股票价格也不同。 (1)投资新创业的公司，风险较大，股票价格较低； (2)成长期公司不确定因素的影响较小，收益明显增加，因而股市看好； (3)整个行业逐渐进入稳定期，少数在竞争中生存下来的大企业几乎垄断了整个行业市场，行业利润也达到了较高水平，同时风险较低，因而在此阶段该行业的股票价格较高。 (4)衰退期，整个行业进入了生命周期的最后阶段，该行业的股票价格由于利润额的停滞乃至下降、经营风险增大，而在低水平上徘徊。 关键字 防守股,防守性股股票,防守股票,防守性股,防守性股票.
The currency symbol for the Sri Lankan rupee (LKR), the currency for the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Ceylon prior to 1972), an island nation off the southern coast of India. The Sri Lankan rupee is made up of 100 cents and is often presented with the symbol Rp. or Rs., in the form Rp. 50 for 50 rupees. The rupee can also be presented with SLRp. or SLRs., rather than Rp. or Rs., to differentiate it from other currencies denominated in rupees. |||The Sri Lankan rupee was first established in 1869, replacing the British pound at an amount equal to the Indian rupee (1 rupee to 2 shillings, 3 pence), and was a decimal currency from 1871. As inflation devalues the currency, new banknotes are released (for example, in 2006 a 2000 rupee note was issued), and although older Sri Lankan (and Ceylon) banknotes and coins remain legal tender, older and smaller notes and coins are rarely seen in circulation.
美国证券交易所价值线混合指数正文 美国阿诺德·伯恩哈德公司编制的用以反映美国股票市场行情变化的股票价格指数。包括1700种成份股,分为工业、铁路、公用事业及综合指数等4类。 该指数用几何平均法计算。设成份股的数目为n,计算时以n种股票的价格乘积，再算出其n次平方根，即为当天的几何平均数，再乘以前一天的混合指数，乘积即为当天的混合指数，公式为： < 该指数在美国较为常用，1982年2月,美国堪萨斯农产品交易所首次以此指数办理堪萨斯市场股票指数期货交易，引起了世界股票市场的一次大变革。配图相关连接
The rate of interest, or growth rate, selected by an insurance company. The assumed interest rate is provided to determine the value of an annuity contract and, therefore, the periodic income payment which can be provided to the annuitant. Combined with other factors such as the annuitant's age upon annuitization, spousal coverage options and the type of annuity coverage chosen, the AIR determines the monthly payment the annuitant will receive. |||In other words, the AIR is the minimum interest rate that must be earned on investments in the policyholder's cash-value account in order to cover the insurance company's costs and expected profit margin. A larger AIR will result in a more robust prediction for market returns for the insurance company as well as a greater monthly income payment for the annuitant.
An acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China combined. The general consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003, which speculated that by 2050 these four economies would be wealthier than most of the current major economic powers. The BRIC thesis posits that China and India will become the world's dominant suppliers of manufactured goods and services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. It's important to note that the Goldman Sachs thesis isn't that these countries are a political alliance (like the European Union) or a formal trading association - but they have the potential to form a powerful economic bloc. BRIC is now also used as a more generic marketing term to refer to these four emerging economies. Due to lower labor and production costs, many companies also cite BRIC as a source of foreign expansion opportunity.
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