A money market instrument that represents an obligation between a borrower and a lender as to the terms and conditions of the loan. Collateralized borrowing and lending obligations (CBLOs) are used by those who have been phased out of or heavily restricted in the interbank call money market. |||CBLOs were developed by the Clearing Corporation of India (CCIL) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The details of the CBLO include an obligation for the borrower to repay the debt at a specified future date and an expectation of the lender to receive the money on that future date, and they have a charge on the security that is held by the CCIL.
An investment-grade bond backed by a pool of junk bonds. Junk bonds are typically not investment grade, but because they pool several types of credit quality bonds together, they offer enough diversification to be "investment grade." |||Similar in structure to a collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO), but different in that CBOs represent different levels of credit risk, not different maturities.
A bond that is secured by a financial asset - such as stock or other bonds - that is deposited and held by a trustee for the holders of the bond. |||If the issuing company were to default on the debt obligation, the debt holders would receive the securities held in trust, like collateral for a loan.For example, say Company A issues a collateral trust bond, and as collateral for the bond it includes the right to Company A shares held by a trust company. If Company A were to default on the bond payments, the bondholders would be entitled to the shares held in trust.
A program instituted in October of 2008 that created the Commercial Paper Funding Facility (CPFF). The Commercial Paper Funding Program (CPFP) was designed to increase the liquidity of the commercial paper market by providing funding to issuers. The program specifically provided a backup measure of liquidity for commercial paper issuers via a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). |||The SPVs were financed directly by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and were used to purchase three-month commercial paper, both secured and unsecured. This financing was then to be secured by the assets placed into the SPVs and also by the fees paid by issuers of unsecured paper. The Treasury department felt that the program was required in order to prevent further substantial disruption of the financial markets.
A type of mortgage-backed security that is secured by the loan on a commercial property. A CMBS can provide liquidity to real estate investors and to commercial lenders. As with other types of MBS, the increased use of CMBS can be attributable to the rapid rise in real estate prices over the years. Watch: Mortgage-Backed Securities |||Because they are not standardized, there are a lot of details associated CMBS that make them difficult to value. However, when compared to a residential mortgage-backed security (RMBS), a CMBS provides a lower degree of prepayment risk because commercial mortgages are most often set for a fixed term.
A bond, typically a municipal bond, that has financial backing from two sources: the issuing agency and the revenue from an existing or proposed source that will benefit from the funding.Also known as "double barrel bonds". |||Combination bonds differ from obligation municipal bonds, which have just the "full faith and credit" backing of the issuing government agency, and revenue bonds, which only have the backing of future revenues. Because of the extra safety provided by combination bonds, they pay a lower rate than comparable general obligation or revenue bonds.
A type of mortgage-backed security that creates separate pools of pass-through rates for different classes of bondholders with varying maturities, called tranches. The repayments from the pool of pass-through securities are used to retire the bonds in the order specified by the bonds' prospectus. Watch: Mortgage-Backed Securities |||Here is an example how a very simple CMO works: The investors in the CMO are divided up into three classes. They are called either class A, B or C investors. Each class differs in the order they receive principal payments, but receives interest payments as long as it is not completely paid off. Class A investors are paid out first with prepayments and repayments until they are paid off. Then class B investors are paid off, followed by class C investors. In a situation like this, class A investors bear most of the prepayment risk, while class C investors bear the least.
A measure of the theoretical value of a zero-coupon bond at any given point in time. Because there are no interest payments like there are with traditional bonds, the interest of a zero-coupon bond accrues until maturity. Therefore, the CAV can be calculated by adding all of the interest earned up to a given point in time to the original price. |||Calculating a zero-coupon bond's CAV becomes important if the bond carries a call provision. This is because call provisions for zero-coupon bonds are typically linked to the bond's CAV. The provision will usually stipulate that the issuer can call the bond on a specific date at a price that is a premium to the bond's CAV.A zero-coupon bond is trading at a premium if it costs more than its CAV at that specific point in time. Conversely, the zero-coupon bond is trading at a discount if it costs less than its CAV.
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