A zero-coupon floating rate debt instrument with an interest rate that is determined by the return performance of a specified index over a given time period. The interest rate for dollar BILS is determined at maturity, once the change in the value of the specified index is known. |||Dollar BILS are typically useful for companies engaging in asset-liability matching. For example, if a company has a large liability due in six months, the company could invest its cash into dollar BILS now, rather than simply letting the cash sit idle for that time. The effective interest rate the company will receive from holding the dollar BILS will be equal to the return of the specified index during that time period, allowing the company to participate in any gains/losses the index incurs during that time period, but also still guaranteeing that the company will be able to liquidate its position for cash on the date it needs the funds to pay its liability.
A piece of legislation that increased government oversight of trading in complex financial instruments such as derivatives. The Dodd-Frank Financial Regulatory Reform Bill was named after Senator Christopher J. Dodd and U.S. Representative Barney Frank. It restricts the types of proprietary trading activities that financial institutions will be allowed to practice. The Dodd-Frank Financial Regulatory Reform Bill was passed with the intent of preventing the collapse of major financial institutions such as Lehman Brothers from happening again. |||Following the 2008 near-collapse of the U.S. economy, which was fueled by the crash of the housing bubble, the Dodd-Frank Financial Regulatory Reform Bill established restrictive measures in an attempt to prevent such events in the future. In order to protect unsuspecting borrowers against abusive lending and mortgage practices, the reform bill established government agencies to monitor banking practices and oversight of troubled financial institutions.
A municipal general obligation bond in which the cash flows are pledged by two distinct and different entities. One entity will make interest payments, and the other, the principal payments. These are municipal general obligation (GO) bonds as opposed to revenue bonds because they are ultimately backed by the issuer and its taxing power.Double-barreled bonds are sometimes referred to as "combination bonds". |||These bonds, as specified by their trust indenture, are municipal general obligation bond issues. For example, assume a local city issues a double-barreled muni bond to raise funds for a new toll road bypass. In the event that the cash flows from the tolls are unable to cover the interest and/or principal payments (debt service), the shortage would be covered by the issuing city from its general fund. These bonds are thus backed by both the toll revenue stream and the full faith and credit of the issuing city.
A call provision added to fixed income securities that allows for early redemption by the issuer if certain conditions are favorable. |||Also known as Canada calls, these provisions are typically found on corporate debt issues made by Canadian corporations. With a doomsday call provision, issuers are able to redeem at either par value upon maturity of the fixed income security or at a predetermined rate which is usually a benchmark +/- basis points.
A type of repurchase transaction in the mortgage pass-through securities market in which the buy side trade counterparty of a "to be announced" (TBA) trade agrees to a sell off the same TBA trade in the current month and to a buy back the same trade in a future month at a lower price. In a dollar roll, the buy side trade counterparty gets to invest the funds that otherwise would have been required to settle the buy trade in the current month until the agreed upon future buy-back. The sell side trade counterparty benefits by not having to deliver the pass-through securities (which they might otherwise have shorted or committed to another trade) in the current month. |||The price difference between months is known as the drop. When the drop becomes very large, the dollar roll is said to be "on special". This might happen for several reasons, including large collateralized mortgage obligation deals that increase the demand for mortgage pass-through securities, or unexpected fallout of mortgage closings in a mortgage originator's pipeline. In both cases, financial institutions might have more sell trades in the current month than they are able to deliver securities into, forcing them to "roll" those trades into a future month. The greater the shortage of available securities in the current month, the larger the drop becomes.
Percentage of par, or face value, that a bond is quoted at. The other way bonds are often quoted is in terms of their yield. |||For example, if the price of the bond is $1,120 and the par value of the bond is $1,000, the bond would be quoted at 112% in dollar terms.
Dollar duration measures the dollar change in a bond's value to a change in the market interest rate. The dollar duration is generally used by professional bond fund managers as a way of approximating the portfolio's interest rate risk. Dollar duration is one of several different measurements of bond duration. |||Dollar duration is based on a linear approximation of how a bond's value will change in response to changes in interest rates. The actual relationship between a bond's value and interest rates is not linear. Therefore, dollar duration is an imperfect measure of interest rate sensitivity, and it will only provide an accurate calculation for small changes in interest rates.
1. A U.S. denominated bond that trades outside of the United States. Along with the principal, any coupon payments from the bond are paid in U.S. funds.2. A bond with a price that is quoted in dollars, rather than based on its yield to maturity. |||1. Non-U.S. firms and governments will often issue bonds denominated in U.S. currency in a bid to attract U.S. investors and/or hedge currency risks. There is less currency risk on dollar bonds for U.S.-based investors looking to access international debt markets when compared to the purchase of non-U.S. denominated bonds.2. For example, suppose that a 10-year bond has a current yield to maturity of 3.83% and a current price of $850. If this bond were quoted in terms of yield it would be quoted as 3.83% but if it were being quoted in dollar terms the bond would be quoted as $850.
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