Special restrictions that can be placed on a given security by the Depository Trust Company (DTC). Chill restrictions are intended to limit the potential for problems within the financial marketplace, and can be placed on a security for various reasons. Owned by many financial companies including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the DTC acts as a clearinghouse for stock exchange securities, settling trades in corporate and municipal securities. If the DTC has cause to be concerned about a specific security currently processed through its system, it may place a "chill" status on the security. This will restrict brokerages' ability to transfer the shares or units of the security through DTC until the security's issues are cleared up or it ceases trading on the market.
The executive position responsible for a company's investment portfolios. The chief investment officer (CIO) usually oversees a team of professionals that have responsibilities such as managing and monitoring investment activity, managing pensions, working with external analysts and maintaining good investor relations. They will also develop short-term and long-term investment policies. For example, a CIO could be responsible for the investment activities of a university's endowment. They would report to the trustees, develop a strategic asset-allocation plan and make recommendations on investments or use of outside money managers. The role of the CIO is often combined with other areas of finance within a company and taken on by the chief financial officer (CFO). The corporate title CFO is seen much more often than the CIO.
An employee with low ambition and, consequently, low productivity. The term coaster is used to describe an employee that is not very productive, or does just enough to get by. Typically, coasters will show up late to work, have poor performance and frequently miss deadlines. Coasting will almost always limit your potential for advancement and promotions.
The temporary shifting of consumer spending that occurs as a result of gripping news. Consumer spending tends to slow during events such as the Persian Gulf War in 1991 or the terrorist raids in 2001 as people stay home glued to their televisions. It is doubtful, however, that the CNN effect could change the overall direction of the economy. Most necessary goods will have to be purchased eventually. The only loss to the economy occurs in service-oriented venues, such as restaurants and movie theatres, which may never recover lost revenues.
A private equity buyout or the assumption of a controlling interest in a company that involves several different private equity firms. This group of firms pools its assets together and makes the acquisition collectively. The practice has historically allowed private equity to purchase much more expensive companies together than they could alone. Also, with each company taking a smaller position, risk can be reduced. While club deals have grown in popularity in recent years, there are many issues that can arise related to regulatory practices, conflicts of interest and market-cornering. For example, there are concerns that club deals decrease the amount of money that shareholders receive, as a group of private equity firms has fewer parties to bid against. There are some private-equity firms that do not engage in club deals as a rule, but the choice is up to the firm and the wishes of the limited partners who make most of the big money decisions within those firms. As with many large private equity deals, the main objective is to fix up and then dress up the acquisition for future sale to the public.
The act of making a process, good or service easy to obtain by making it as uniform, plentiful and affordable as possible. Something becomes commoditized when one offering is nearly indistinguishable from another. As a result of technological innovation, broad-based education and frequent iteration, goods and services become commoditized and, therefore, widely accessible. In the past few decades, previously “modern” things such as microchips, personal computers – even the internet itself – have become essentially commoditized. Combinations of commoditized products such as computers and business software have in effect commoditized many processes, such as business accounting and supply chain management. In a truly capitalist society, the ability to commoditize anything is seen as a benefit to all, and opens up resources that can be put to better use on innovative enterprises.
A commercial year is a 360 day year composed of 12 months with each lasting 30 days. The commercial year adjusts for differences in the number of days in each calendar month, making it easier to track changes in a business. A common application for using a commercial year can be found in the retail sector. If a manager wishes to understand changes in the revenues of stores from month to month, using a calendar year may obscure economic reality. For example, sales for January could be higher than sales in February simply because there are more days in January than in February. Thus, a manager would prefer to see results in 30 day increments to evaluate the true extent of any change in business.
Short form for "Commercial Development Company." These companies build and sell/lease commercial real-estate, software, or applications for wide-scale commercial use. Most com dev companies are also referred to as business-to-business (B2B) companies.
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