A short-term situation occurring within a market where both the bid and ask are identical, resulting in no bid-ask spread. This usually occurs in stocks that are highly volatile and experience a significant trading volume. Locked markets are typically corrected immediately through subsequent trades. This abnormal market condition occurs mainly on the Nasdaq exchange for orders entered before the opening bell.
A strategy used by a target firm to prevent a hostile takeover. In a lobster trap, the company passes a provision preventing anyone with more than 10% ownership from converting convertible securities into voting stock. Examples of convertible securities include convertible bonds, convertible preferred stock, and warrants.
A person or entity that charges borrowers interest above an established legal rate. Depending on where a person lives, lenders typically cannot charge more than 60% interest per annum. A loan shark, then, would be someone who illegally charged interest over the state's legal limit, which could range up to, or even over, 100%. For example, a loan shark would lend $10,000 to a person with the provision that they be repaid $20,000 within 30 days.A big word of caution is that loan sharks will often back their lendings with threats of violence or damage to a person's reputation as a way to ensure the loans are repaid. If you find yourself in a position of owing to a loan shark, make sure you talk to a financial (and maybe a legal) professional to help you get out of the situation.
A theory that states that during periods of recession or economic downturn, consumers will eschew purchases of big-ticket luxury items and seek material solace in smaller indulgences, such as premium lipstick. Also known as the "leading lipstick indicator". The lipstick effect is one of the reasons that the restaurant and entertainment industries typically do well amid recessions. Cash-strapped consumers want to treat themselves to something that will allow them to forget their financial problems, but they cannot afford to escape to Bermuda. Therefore, they often settle for dining out and going to a movie.
Seed money or capital given by family or friends to an entrepreneur to start a business. The decision to lend money and the terms of the agreement are usually based on qualitative factors and the relationship between the two parties, rather than on a formulaic risk analysis. Love money is usually given to entrepreneurs who have proved their responsibility to close family and friends over the years, but who fail to meet the the capital requirements that financial institutions look for in borrowers. An angel investor's love money is sometimes the only way a business can get off the ground; this type of financing can allow for growth that would be impossible through traditional financing channels.
A business practice that seeks to detect, identify, investigate and prevent events that cause a drop in value of any of an organization's revenues, assets and services. Loss-management improvements may involve changes in a business's operating policies and business model in order to limit instances of accidental and/or intentional loss. For example, both intentional theft of company property and accidental damage to products as a result of faulty machinery constitute sources of loss that would be the responsibility of loss management. Company representatives may work alongside consultants and members of the insurance industry to improve a business's loss-management practices.
A business strategy in which a business offers a product or service at a price that is not profitable for the sake of offering another product/service at a greater profit or to attract new customers. This is a common practice when a business first enters a market; a loss leader introduces new customers to a service or product in the hope of building a customer base and securing future recurring revenue. The loss leader strategy is more than just a nifty business trick - it is a successful strategy if executed properly. A classic example is that of razor blades. Companies like Gillette essentially give their razor units away for free, knowing that customers will have to buy their replacement blades, which is where the company makes all of its profit. Another example is Microsoft's Xbox video game system, which was sold at a loss of more than $100 per unit to create more potential to profit from the sale of higher-margin video games.
In the investment world, this expression is used to describe a very bad investment that causes an investor to lose everything he or she has invested (and more, in some cases). This is a terrible position to find yourself in. The phrase suggests that the investor not only loses all he or she has invested, but is also in such dire straits that he or she has to sell the "shirt off their back."
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