Designated areas in countries that possess special economic regulations that are different from other areas in the same country. Moreover, these regulations tend to contain measures that are conducive to foreign direct investment. Conducting business in a SEZ usually means that a company will receive tax incentives and the opportunity to pay lower tariffs. While many countries have set up special economic zones, China has been the most successful in using SEZ to attract foreign capital. In fact, China has even declared an entire province (Hainan) to be an SEZ, which is quite distinct, as most SEZs are cities.
Pools of money derived from a country's reserves, which are set aside for investment purposes that will benefit the country's economy and citizens. The funding for a sovereign wealth fund (SWF) comes from from central bank reserves that accumulate as a result of budget and trade surpluses, and even from revenue generated from the exports of natural resources. The types of acceptable investments included in each SWF vary from country to country; countries with liquidity concerns limit investments to only very liquid public debt instruments. |||Some countries have created SWFs to diversify their revenue streams. For example, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) relies on oil exports for its wealth; therefore, it devotes a portion of its reserves to an SWF that invests in other types of assets that can act as a shield against oil-related risk. The amount of money in these SWF is substantial. As of May 2007, the UAE's fund was worth more than $875 billion. The estimated value of all SWFs is pegged at $2.5 trillion.
A cloud-computing approach to providing users with computer applications. Instead of each user having to install the software on his computer, the user is able to access the program via the internet. Businesses commonly use software as a service (SaaS) in customer retention management, human resources and procurement. Technology companies, financial services companies and utilities have lead the business world in adopting SaaS technology. The advantages of SaaS are that it is easy to implement, easy to update and debug and can be less expensive (or at least have lower up-front costs), since users pay for SaaS as they go instead of purchasing multiple software licenses for multiple computers. SaaS has numerous uses, including tracking leads, scheduling events, managing transactions, automating sign up, auditing and more.
An industry owned co-operative supplying secure messaging services and interface software to financial institutions. SWIFT encompasses over 7,000 financial institutions in 192 countries.
A federal taxpayer identification number for Americans. An SSN number is required to get a job and claim taxes or other tax benefits. There are a lot of issues surrounding Social Security numbers and numbering in general. Many people feel that the identification of citizens in this manner is the beginning of a "Big Brother" government. However, it doesn't change the fact that you usually need an SSN to work.
A U.S. government agency created in 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the SSA administers the social insurance programs in the United States. The agency covers a wide range of social security services, such as disability, retirement and survivors' benefits. Previously operating under the Department of Health and Human Services, the SSA has operated as a wholly independent agency since 1994. Unlike the majority of U.S. federal government agencies, the SSA is not headquartered in Washington D.C. Instead, the agency is based in the city of Woodland, which is a suburb of Baltimore, Maryland. The SSA has seen numerous name changes and operational revisions in its lifetime as different administrations shaped the agency into their desired forms. The SSA provides a wide range of services, including (at the time of writing) determining citizen eligibility and premium payments for the Medicare program.
A business that is operated out of a business owner's residence and can be located in an established office within the residence. A small office/home office is considered a microenterprise since it typically has fewer than ten employees and is categorized one notch below a "small business." Traditionally, SOHOs are focused on white-collar jobs. Prior to the proliferation of larger-scale businesses during the 19th century, most businesses would be categorized as SOHO. Entrepreneurs running this type of office include lawyers, consultants and freelancers who might not require a formal office to meet clients. Because a SOHO operates out of a home, some tax issues are treated differently by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
A futures contract with an underlying of one particular stock, usually in batches of 100. No transmission of share rights or dividends occur. Behaving exactly like a futures contract, an SSFs give investors increased capabilities to leverage themselves within the market. Additionally, these products, unlike most options, can be traded on margin.
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