A collection of various benefits provided by an employer, which are exempt from taxation as long as certain conditions are met. Any employee who receives taxable fringe benefits will have to include the fair market value of the benefit in their taxable income for the year, which will be subject to tax withholdings, and social security benefits payments. Fringe benefits commonly include health insurance, group term life coverage, education reimbursement, childcare and assistance reimbursement, cafeteria plans, employee discounts, personal use of a company owned vehicle and other similar benefits.
Electronic versions of tax forms, first posted by the IRS in 2009, to allow taxpayers, regardless of their income, to file their taxes online at no cost. Free file fillable tax forms are meant to speed up the process of receiving refunds, and minimize errors in filing. Taxpayers file their tax returns by accessing the forms on the IRS' website, entering their tax data, and then signing and filing electronically. Free file fillable tax forms, are digital versions of the hard-copy forms, and are designed for advanced users that know which forms are needed to be used. Unlike many commercial tax preparations software packages that also allow taxpayers to file online, these forms do not have a step-by-step interview to ensure that every deduction and credit is taken advantage of.
A nonrefundable education tax credit that can be claimed for students that have yet to complete two years of post secondary education. The Hope Credit may be taken for tuition and fees, but not room and board or books. The student incurring the expenses can be either the taxpayer, spouse or dependent. The Hope Credit is for 2008. The Hope Credit is one of two nonrefundable education credits available for taxpayers. The other credit is the Lifetime Learning Credit, which can be claimed after the Hope Credit has been exhausted. For example, in 2008 the Hope credit limited of $1,800 could be claimed separately for each student or dependent per year, but the limit applied to each. The credits are not available to taxpayers whose modified adjusted gross income exceeds a certain amount.
Property, money or assets that one person transfers to another while receiving nothing or less than fair market value in return. Under certain circumstances, the IRS collects a tax on gifts. Transfers of money or property that are given freely or exchanged for less than market value may be subject to the gift tax if the donor has exceeded the annual or lifetime gift exemption. If you receive a gift, you aren't required to report it as income; it is the gift giver who is responsible for paying any tax and filing a gift tax return. Gifts of any amount to spouses, political organizations, and payments of tuition and medical expenses on behalf of others are generally not taxable as gifts. Estate planning can help wealthy individuals avoid paying gift taxes.
An office located inside the taxpayer's home that serves as the taxpayer's principal place of business. In order for home office-related expenses such as utilities and mortgage payments to be deductible, the taxpayer must use it as his or her primary place of business. This means that either the majority of the work for the business must be performed there, or clients must be met there on a regular basis. "Home office" can also refer to the administrative headquarters of a large enterprise, such as the home office of a large corporation that is located in a particular city. Taxpayers who use home offices can deduct a proportionate amount of the rent, mortgage, utilities, property taxes and other related expenses that they incur by dividing the square footage of their home office space by the total amount of square footage in their residence. This fraction is then applied to all related expenses to arrive at the dollar amount of deductible expenses.
A taxation rule that allows a married couple to split a gift's total value as if each contributed half of the amount. Gift splitting allows a couple to increase their total gift tax exemption amount by combining individual allowances. For gift splitting to be official, both spouses must agree to the gift and specify the situation when filing taxes. In 2006, the gift tax exemption was set at $12,000 per individual gift annually. Gift splitting allows a couple to donate a total of $24,000 before being taxed on the contribution. For example, let's say you want to give your child $20,000 to purchase a vehicle. If you make the gift alone, $8,000 ($20,000-$12,000) will be subject to gift taxes. However, if you split the gift with your spouse, with each of you contributing $10,000, both contributions will fall under the $12,000 limit, making the entire gift non-taxable.
Expenses incurred from the operation of a business or the performance of employment-related activities within your residence. To be able to deduct home office expenses, an individual must spend at least half his or her time working at home. Individuals are entitled to deduct some housing expenses such as utilities, mortgage interest and property taxes. Anything that is used exclusively for the home office can be fully deducted, including supplies, an extra fax and phone line, and computer equipment. The amount of housing expenses that someone can deduct is restricted to the amount of business income they earn.
An accounting method that considers how current fiscal policies affect future generations. Generational accounting analyzes whether government spending and tax programs that benefit current members of society will produce an unfair tax obligation for future generations. The purpose of this accounting style is to achieve generational balance, where current and future generations have equivalent lifetime net tax rates, which allows for fiscal sustainability. The government's tax programs and fiscal policy can be adjusted to provide more care and benefits for certain members of a country's population. However, focusing programs on a specific group forces other generations to pay the costs, essentially imposing a taxation without representation. For example, spending on retirement programs for the elderly requires that younger generations foot the bill. This concept can be extended to future generations. Let's say the government were to lavishly spend on programs to benefit its current population in the short term. The debt obligations could be so large, that they could not be repaid by the current population in an average lifetime. In this case, the debt would be passed on to the next generation of citizens, who must then pay for benefits they never received. Generational accounting aims to eliminate policies that negatively impact future generations.
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