A taxable deduction that assigns a set percentage of depletion to the gross income derived from extracting fossil fuels, minerals or other nonrenewable resources from the earth. Percentage depletion is provided as an incentive for drillers and investors to develop domestic mineral and energy production. Oil and gas investments at the wellhead have become one of the most tax-advantaged investments available in America today, because of the depletion allowance. Approximately 15% of all income from oil and gas is tax-free for small investors and producers. There is no dollar limit as to the total amount of depletion one can deduct from income from qualified nonrenewable resources.
Generally, a specified amount that employers will pay to employees as reimbursement for various expenses. Per diem payments usually assume a set dollar limit, such as $30 per day for meals or $100 per day for lodging. These payments are usually made for employee travel expenses. Per diem payments are usually counted as nontaxable income to employees, up to a certain amount, and any excess reimbursement is included in box 12 of the W-2 form. The IRS allows a preset amount to be excluded from taxation for each type of per diem expense.
Tax an employer withholds and/or pays on behalf of their employees based on the wage or salary of the employee. In most countries, including the U.S., both state and federal authorities collect some form of payroll tax. Governments use revenues from payroll taxes to fund such programs as Social Security, healthcare, unemployment compensation, worker's compensation and sometimes local governments even require a small tax to maintain and improve local transportation. On an employee pay stub, payroll taxes deducted are likely to be itemized.
A dividend or distribution that a co-operative pays to its members or investors. Patronage dividends are given based on a proportion of profit made by the business. once this amount is figured out the dividend is calculated according to how much each member has used the co-op's services. Tax rules view these profits essentially as an overcharge, which can be returned to patrons and deducted from the co-op's taxable income. As the name implies, patronage dividends are paid to individuals as a result of belonging to the co-operative. One example can be seen when families purchase groceries through a co-operative and receive income or a credit on their account in return. Although they are taxed as ordinary dividend income, they may also contain an alternative minimum tax adjustment amount and are usually reported on Form 1099-PATR. Some co-ops will use the dividends to reduce the selling price of items, thus, in a way, the more you spend the more you receive.
A loss incurred through a rental property, limited partnership, or other enterprise in which the individual is not actively involved. Passive losses can only be used to offset passive income, not wage or portfolio income.
Earnings an individual derives from a rental property, limited partnership or other enterprise in which he or she is not actively involved. As with non-passive income, passive income is usually taxable; however it is often treated differently by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). There are three main categories of income: active income, passive income and portfolio income. Passive income does not include earnings from wages or active business participation, nor does it include income from dividends, interest or capital gains. For tax purposes, it is important to note that losses in passive income generally cannot offset active or portfolio income. It is important to note that, by some, portfolio income is considered passive income; in which case dividends and interest would be considered passive. The important definition is the one the IRS uses, and to be sure your taxes are filed correctly, it would be prudent to check with the IRS or a tax professional on this matter if you have a blend of active, passive, and portfolio income.
An activity from which you have the potential to profit but in which you do not physically participate. The income from rental properties is a good example of a passive activity. Making a distinction between passive and active income is important because you can claim a passive loss only against income generated from passive activities. You cannot claim a passive loss against active income.
A type of property which, in its most general definition, can include any asset other than real estate. The distinguishing factor between personal property and real estate is that personal property is movable. That is, the asset is not fixed permanently to one location as with real property such as land or buildings. Examples of personal property include vehicles, furniture, boats, collectibles, etc.Also known as "movable property", "movables" and "chattels". It's tough to have a precise definition for "personal property" as it is very much a legal term. The concept is perhaps best understood with a comparision to real property. Under common law systems it is possible to place a mortgage upon real property. Because the lender has rights to the property it makes the extension of credit relatively safe and easy. After all, it's tough to flee the country with your house. On the other hand, it's tougher for a creditor to secure personal property. While common law systems do allow liens to be placed on personal property (such as vehicles) to protect the rights of creditors, there is obviously much more risk that the debtor simply drives away with the collateral if fleeing the country.
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