A legal entity that acts as fiduciary, agent or trustee on behalf of a person or business entity for the purpose of administration, management and the eventual transfer of assets to a beneficial party. The entity acts as a custodian for trusts, estates, custodial arrangements, asset management, stock transfer, beneficial ownership registration and other related arrangements. A trust company does not own the assets its customers assign to its management, but it may assume some legal obligation to take care of assets on behalf of other parties. A trust company or trust department is usually a division or an associated company of a commercial bank. Trusts and similar arrangements managed for eventual transfer are managed for profit, which may be taken out of the assets on an annual basis or upon transfer to the beneficial third party. There are often tax advantages associated with using trusts to transfer ownership of assets, but any trust arrangement should be made through qualified professionals that are capable of giving tax and legal advice.
A specific type of multi-year lease which does not pass on ownership rights of the asset to the lessee. A true lease is an arrangement where the lessor (the person granting the lease) bears both the risks and rewards of ownership of the property. The lessee merely gets to use the property in a rental fashion. True leases stand in contrast to financial leases. Financial leases pass more of the aspects of ownership on to the lessee, such as maintenance and tax benefits from depreciation. Financial leases are often treated as loans by the IRS, whereas true leases are not.
An investment (usually a municipal bond) featuring interest payments that are exempt from taxes at the municipal, state and federal levels. Also known as "triple tax-exempt". Municipal bonds often offer triple-tax-free interest payments to investors because the U.S. Constitution forbids the federal government from taxing interest earned on loans to municipalities and states. The state or municipality issuing the bonds makes the bonds tax-free to encourage investment, and the remaining state or municipality offers tax-free status to the issuer at its particular level of government as a courtesy. However, tax-free status on earnings comes at a price to investors, as these bonds usually offer lower returns. This may or may not be made up to bondholders depending on the amount of income tax they pay: higher income earners will gain more from tax-free investments than lower income earners.
Business expenses incurred while an individual is away from home. These include meals, lodging, and transportation expenses. You may only claim expenses directly related to business purposes.
A business expense incurred by an employee or self-employed taxpayer while away from home in a travel status. These expenses may only be claimed if the transportation expenses are directly related to your job. Examples are taxi fares or gas.
The stipulation that, if a life insurance policy (or any interest in that policy) is transferred for something of value (money, property, etc.), a portion of the death benefit is subject to be taxed as ordinary income. This portion is equal to the death benefit minus the item(s) of value, as well as any premiums paid by the transferee at the time of the transfer. For example, if John Doe sells his $250,000 life insurance policy that he has paid $10,000 in premiums on to Jane Doe for $5,000, the amount subject to income tax is $235,000 ($250,000-$10,000-$5,000). The transfer-for-value rule includes, but goes beyond, the outright sale of a life insurance policy. The life insurance policy does not lose its tax-exempt status when the policy is transferred to the insured, a partner of the insured or to a company where the insured is an officer or stockholder.
Inadequate withholding of taxes from wages or other income during the year. Underwithholding will result in a balance due upon filing. Significant underwithholding can result in a nasty surprise for the taxpayer, especially if there is substantial interest and penalties involved. Generally, it is often a good idea to overwithold taxes to avoid a financial surprise at filing time that could become a significant financial burden. Some taxpayers deliberately choose to have their taxes underwithheld, for various reasons. Sophisticated taxpayers may be able to invest the amount that would otherwise be withheld more profitably throughout the year and still come out ahead after paying the tax. Others simply may not wish to have the government hold on to their money during the year and keep it in a separate account to earn interest instead.
A tax penalty enacted on an individual for not paying enough of his or her total estimated tax and withholding. If an individual has an underpayment of estimated tax, they may be required to pay a penalty (on Form 2210). To avoid an underpayment penalty you must pay either 100% of last year's tax or 90 percent of this year's tax by combining estimated and withholding taxes.
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