An illegal transaction an investor makes by simultaneously buying and selling a security through two different brokers, thereby creating the illusion of activity. Investors do this to try and recognize a tax loss without actually changing their position. The effectiveness of this strategy has been greatly diminished with the implementation of the IRS 30-day wash rule, where a taxpayer cannot recognize a loss on an investment if that investment was purchased within 30 days of sale (before or after sale).
It is a tax based on the market value of assets that are owned. These assets include, but are not limited to, cash, bank deposits, shares, fixed assets, private cars, assessed value of real property, pension plans, money funds, owner occupied housing and trusts. An ad valorem tax on real estate and an intangible tax on financial assets are both examples of a wealth tax. Although many developed countries choose to tax wealth, the United States has generally favored taxing income. Wealth tax is imposed on the wealth possessed by individuals in a country. The tax is on a person's net worth which is assets minus liabilities. Not all countries have this type of tax; Austria, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Spain, Finland, Iceland and Luxenberg have abolished it in recent years. The United States doesn't impose wealth tax but requires income and property taxes.
The decreased economic well-being caused by the imposition of a tax. Taxing any product or activity makes it less attractive and gives people less incentive to purchase or undertake it. Taxpayers not only suffer from having less money because of the tax, they also suffer because the tax may change their behavior. Taxation results in deadweight loss which results in the economy functioning below optimal levels. The market inefficiency that occurs when people change their behavior to avoid a tax creates a loss to society. A tax may cause individuals to buy less than they would prefer or to buy a different product or service than they really wanted. A tax can also cause workers to take additional leisure time rather than to work more when they know they will lose 35% of any additional dollar they earn to taxes. The higher the tax, the greater the welfare loss of taxation.
1. Income tax withheld from employees' wages and paid directly to the government by the employer.2. A tax levied on income (interest and dividends) from securities owned by a non-resident. 1. The amount withheld is a credit against the income taxes the employee must pay during the year. 2. Tax is deducted not only from dividends, but from other income paid to non-residents of a country.
An allowance an individual claims on a W-4 Form. A withholding allowance is mainly used to assist an employer in calculating the amount of income tax to withhold from an employee's paycheck. The more allowances you wish to claim, the less income tax will be withheld from your paycheck. You can claim one allowance for yourself, one for your spouse and one for each of your dependents.
In general terms, a widow's exemption refers to the amount that can be deducted from taxable income by a widow, thereby reducing her tax burden. In the U.S., it usually refers to the amount exempt from state inheritance taxes on a widow's share of her husband's estate. Since it is claimed as a deduction by the widow, it has the effect of reducing her inheritance taxes. Less frequently, the term may also apply to the amount of the property tax exemption offered to widows in certain states, such as Florida. A widow would not be eligible for this exemption if she remarries. A similar exemption is also offered to widowers in some other states.
英文名称：Capital Gains Distribution中文名称：资本收益分配指公司将投资资本资产产生的资本收益分配给公司股东。eb16Distributions that are paid to a mutual fund's shareholders out of the capital gains of the company's investment portfolio. Mutual fund capital gains distributions typically occur near the end of the calendar year and are taxable to the fund's shareholders. This poses a problem for some mutual fund investors who make initial purchases of mutual funds near the end of a calendar year. Because they receive a capital gains distribution, they immediately receive taxable income and face a mutual fund NAV that is reduced from the distribution.
英文名称：Capital Loss 中文名称：资本损失指资本资产在出售或准备出售时的价格低于最初购买时的价格而产生的损失。资本损失与资本收益的概念相对。The loss incurred when a capital asset (investment or real estate) decreases in value. This loss is not realized until the asset is sold for a price that is lower than the original purchase price. A capital loss is essentially the difference between the purchase price and the price at which the asset is sold, where the sale price is lower than the purchase price.For example, if an investor bought a house for $250,000 and sold the house five years later for $200,000, the investor would realize a capital loss of $50,000.
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