A type of installment sale in which either the price or payment period for the asset has not been fixed. Contingent payment sales entail a special set of rules that vary according to whether the price or the schedule is the fixed amount. For example, if you sell your business and part of the price includes a share of future revenues or profits, this would be a contingent payment sale. Because the final amounts in these transactions are uncertain, it is difficult to calculate tax liability for any capital gains. The methods for calculating tax liability for contingent payment sales transactions include determining a maximum selling price or, alternatively, determining a fixed period during which payments will be made by the buyer to the seller.
A tax on the purchase of a good or service. Consumption taxes can take the form of sales taxes, tariffs, excise and other taxes on consumed goods and services. The term can also refer to a taxing system as a whole where people are taxed based on how much they consume rather than how much they add to the economy (income tax). The consumption tax is not a new idea. It was used by the U.S. government for much of our history before being replaced with an income tax. The Bush administration backed a version of this in 2003, although the proposal was defeated. Ideally, a properly designed consumption tax system would reward savers and penalize spenders.
A special type of tax-deductible loss, similar to a casualty loss, where a loss has been incurred by taxpayers who reside in an area that has been designated as a federal disaster area by the President. Disaster losses can arise from such phenomena as floods, forest fires and earthquakes. Disaster losses may be deducted either in the year that the loss is incurred or the previous year, if it is more beneficial to the taxpayer and pending on the type of disaster. Homeowners who must relocate due to damage in a disaster area can often claim a loss even though the damage sustained does not meet the sudden event test.
Electronic funds that are deposited directly into your bank account rather than through a paper check. Common uses of a direct deposit include income tax refunds and pay checks. As a whole, direct deposit is the most popular form of payment as it eliminates the risk of losing a check and eliminates the need to physically visit a bank to make a deposit. Direct deposit allows an employee's pay to be immediately available in their accounts at midnight the day before pay day and it is not subject to a check clearing wait period. Salaries paid via check can take a week or more to clear within their account. Direct deposits are also popular for income tax refunds, as it is the fastest method of payment.
Also known as IRS Form 8880, the Credit for Qualified Retirement Savings Contribution form is a one-page tax form used to calculate the amount of an individual or married couple's saver's credit. As of 2009, the credit is available to individuals with income up to $26,500, heads of household with with incomes up to $39,750 and married couples filing jointly with incomes up to $53,000. The form asks for information on traditional and Roth IRA contributions for that tax year, elective deferrals to a qualified employer plan and certain retirement distributions received. The saver's credit is one of several tax benefits designed to help low-income filers save for retirement. In addition to meeting low-income requirements, those who want to claim the credit must be at least 18, not a full-time student and cannot be claimed as a dependent on another person's tax return.
A private fund administered by a third party and created for the purpose of managing charitable donations on behalf of an organization, family, or individual. Donor advised funds have become increasingly popular. They offer the donor ease of administration, while still allowing him or her to maintain significant control over the placement and distribution of charitable gifts. Companies are able to offer this service to clients with fewer transaction costs than if the funds were handled privately.
A deduction against income derived from domestic manufacturing activities. The domestic production activities deduction is designed to encourage domestic production and production-related activities. It is also known as the "manufacturer's deduction". The type of domestic production activities that qualify for this deduction are fairly broad. Businesses that qualify for this deduction must complete Form 8903. The deduction cannot exceed the adjusted gross income of sole proprietors or owners of partnerships or Sub S corporations. It is also limited to 50% of W-2 wages paid to employees.
An accounting method used for inventory that follows the last in, first out model. Dollar value LIFO uses this approach with all figures in dollar amounts, rather than in inventory units. It provides a different view of the balance sheet than other accounting methods such as first in, first out (FIFO). If inflation and other economic factors (such as supply and demand) were not an issue, dollar-value and non-dollar-value accounting methods would have the same results. However, since costs do change over time, the dollar-value LIFO presents the data in a manner that shows an increased cost of goods sold (COGS) when prices are rising, and a resulting lower net income. When prices are decreasing, dollar-value LIFO will show a decreased COGS and a higher net income. Dollar value LIFO can help reduce a company's taxes (assuming prices are rising), but can also show a lower net income on shareholder reports.
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