The currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Afghanistan afghani (AFA). The Afghanistan afghani is made up of 100 pul. The new afghani replaced the prior currency in early 2003, due to the low relative value of the nation's currency. The currency symbol that the Afgahanistan Afghani is represented by is: |||The afghani was first introduced in 1925 to replace the Afghan rupee at a rate of 1 afghani to 1.1 rupees. This conversion was based on the silver contents of the last rupee coins compared to the replacement afghani coins. In 1936, AFA was pegged to the Indian rupee at a rate of 4 afghani to 1 Indian rupee. During most of its life, the afghani has been pegged to the U.S dollar (USD), at rates starting in 1940 of 13 afghani to 1 U.S. dollar, and devaluing to a rate of 50.6 afghani to 1 U.S. dollar in 1982. The current afghani was introduced between October of 2002 and January of 2003, replacing the existing afghani at a rate of 1,000 to 1. The new afghani was valued at 43 afghani to 1 U.S. dollar. After depreciating for many years, in 2004 the afghani appreciated in value against the U.S. dollar. This can be attributed to the relative stability of the new currency and promotion of its use within the country.
The currency abbreviation, or currency symbol, for the Angolan Novo kwanza (AON), the second currency for Angola. The Angolan novo kwanza was used as the primary currency from 1990 to 1995 and had no sub unit. |||The Angolan novo Kwanza replaced the first kwanza (AOK) in 1990 at par. Although you would receive one novo kwanza for one old kwanza there was a restriction which only allowed conversion of 5% of old notes for new. The remaining old notes would need to be converted to government securities. Another name for the currency is the Angolan new kwanza.
The currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Netherlands Antilles guilder (ANG), the currency for Netherlands Antilles, a Caribbean country of the Kindom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands Antilles guilder is made up of 100 cents. |||The guilder was first introduced in the Netherlands Antilles in the 18th century as the Dutch guilder. Following the period from 1799 to 1828, during which the reaal replaced the guilder, the Dutch guilder was reintroduced again in 1828. In 1940, the link to the Dutch currency was broken, and the currency was pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1.88585 guilders to 1 U.S. dollar, which was adjusted in 1971 to the current peg of 1.79 guilders to 1 U.S. dollar.
The difference in price from the midpoint of a trough to the midpoint of a peak of a security. Amplitude is positive when calculating a bullish retracement (when calculating from trough to peak) and negative when calculating a bearish retracement (when calculating from peak to trough). |||Amplitude is calculated often in technical analysis. For example, it is the amount of retracement in a price and also the width of a channel in a range-bound market.Chart pattern analysis says that after a retracement, price will continue to move at least a distance equal to the retracement's amplitude.
A direct quotation in the foreign exchange markets whereby the value of the American dollar is stated as a per-unit measure of a foreign currency. This type of quotation shows how much U.S. currency it takes to purchase one unit of foreign currency. |||For example, an American currency quote would be US$0.85 per C$1. This shows that it will take only 0.85 U.S. dollars to purchase a single unit of Canadian currency. If you wanted to purchase C$1,000, it would cost you US$850.
The currency abbreviation symbol for the Albanian lek (plural lekë), the currency for Albania. The Albanian lek is made up of 100 qindarka and is often presented with the symbol "lekë". The Albanian qindarka is no longer issued but is still accepted as currency. In 1992, the new "lek valuta" was introduced, which is equal to 50 lekë. |||The Albanian lek was introduced by the National Bank of Albania and has been in use since 1926. Between 1946 and 1965, the lek was pegged to the Soviet ruble at 12.5 lekë to 1 ruble. After 1965, the revaluation of the ruble created inequalities in exchange, so a second lek was issued, which was equal to 10 old lekë.
The former chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as well as the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the Fed's principal monetary policymaking body. His tenure at the helm of the Fed lasted 18 years from 1987 until early 2006, when Ben Bernanke replaced him. He was first appointed to the post by then-president Ronald Reagan and kept at the Fed's helm by successors George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and President George W. Bush. |||Greenspan is the first person to have been appointed to five consecutive terms as the Fed's chairman. He became known for being adept at guiding the Fed's board to consensus on policy issues and his public comments were regarded as so powerful that they could send financial markets sharply in any direction. He was widely perceived as an inflation hawk, often criticized for focusing more on controlling prices than on achieving full employment. Greenspan also became infamous for his often technical and cautiously worded speeches, and reportedly once mocked his own speaking style during a 1988 speech in which he said, "I guess I should warn you, if I turn out to be particularly clear, you've probably misunderstood what I said."
The total supply of goods and services produced within an economy at a given overall price level in a given time period. It is represented by the aggregate-supply curve, which describes the relationship between price levels and the quantity of output that firms are willing to provide. Normally, there is a positive relationship between aggregate supply and the price level. Rising prices are usually signals for businesses to expand production to meet a higher level of aggregate demand. Also known as "total output". |||A shift in aggregate supply can be attributed to a number of variables. These include changes in the size and quality of labor, technological innovations, increase in wages, increase in production costs, changes in producer taxes and subsidies, and changes in inflation. In the short run, aggregate supply responds to higher demand (and prices) by bringing more inputs into the production process and increasing utilization of current inputs. In the long run, however, aggregate supply is not affected by the price level and is driven only by improvements in productivity and efficiency.
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