The total monetary savings that would result from a person or a business choosing to lease an asset, as opposed to purchase it outright. The benefit of leasing is determined by comparing the net present value of purchasing the asset outright to the net present value of leasing it. |||Depending on the level of detail necessary in the calculation, NAL present value calculations can take into account depreciation, the average expected life of the asset, cost of repairs to the asset, expectations of interest rate changes and so on. In simplistic cases, NAL is expressed as the money that would be saved by leasing an asset instead of buying it, not taking into account the cost of capital.
A U.S. government program under the Obama administration that allowed individuals to trade in used vehicles that did not meet government-specified standards of fuel economy in exchange for a discount of either $3,500 or $4,500 off the purchase or five-plus-year lease of a newer, more fuel efficient vehicle. The program began on July 1, 2009, and ended shortly thereafter because it became so popular that funds quickly ran out. Commonly known as "Cash for Clunkers," the program's stated purposes were to reduce air pollution, to stimulate consumer spending and to prop up struggling U.S. auto manufacturers (though the program did allow the purchase of foreign vehicles). Ultimately, consumers traded in as estimated 680,000 vehicles. Car dealers were required to crush or shred the trade-in vehicles.
ms-money：Microsoft Money 可以说是目前最好的个人理财工具, 功能强大, 可以建立多达 64 个帐户, 帐户类型包括现金, 资产, 股票及债券投资, 支票, 贷款, 负债, 养老保险, 抵押, 银行存款, 信用卡等等, 不同帐户之间可以相互转帐, 操作很是方便. 更可以帮你进行财务规划, 制定债务清减方案, 随时提供多种格式财务报表, 进行适当的投资买卖, 在线处理财务数据包括银行对帐等功能. 其定期帐单处理功能还可以帮你省去不少的麻烦。
H—O修正模型概述 H—O修正模型于1975年由格鲁贝尔（H.G.Grubel）、劳埃德（P.J.Loyd）建立，初步解释了部分产业内贸易产生的原因。由于此模型沿袭了H—O模型的基本内容，仅仅是对H—O模型的某些前提条件做了调整，因此人们称之为H—O修正模型。 按照H—O模型（即赫克谢尔-俄林要素禀赋学说），国际间的贸易模式应该是：各国出口那些密集使用其丰富要素的产品，进口那些密集使用其稀缺要素的产品，也就是说国际贸易主要是产业间贸易，产业内贸易不会发生。然而现实情况是产业内贸易发展迅猛，尤其是在发达国家间。为解释产业内，贸易这中新的贸易模式，格鲁贝尔和劳埃德提出修正H—O模型。众所周知H—O模型以一系列前提假设为基础，如完全竞争市场结构、生产技术相同、产品无差异、规模收益不变、商品自由流动等。格鲁贝尔、劳埃德认为这些过多的前提建设限制了H—O模型的应用范围，他们在其名著《产业内贸易》中提出取消H—O模型中商品自由流动假设后，可以解释下列产业内贸易现象： 1.边境交叉贸易。对水泥、沙子、玻璃等建筑材料来说，运输费用是一笔非常大的支出，占其总成本的很大一部分。如果国内的运输费用超出了进口费用，作为“理性人”的消费者就会选择从邻国进口，从而相同产品的交叉贸易出现。这种现象在国境较大国家更为明显。 2.周期性贸易。主要是针对蔬菜、水果等季节性商品。蔬菜、水果的生产有特定时期，但是由于世界幅员广阔，每个国家的生产季节并不相同。另外季节性产品的储存费用较高，或不易储存。因此，如果运输费用不高于储存费用，国家间就会出现生产旺季相互出口、淡季相互进口现象。 3.跨国公司的部门内贸易。跨国公司的生产是国际化大生产，在世界各地设立子公司，跨国公司需要购买产品时，首先倾向于公司内部交易，这可以降低外部不确定性，确保产品质量，还可以减少交易费用（如谈判费用、销售费用等）。公司内部贸易也是跨国公司逃避税收、转移资产的一种方法。公司内贸易相当一部分是产业内贸易。
1. A recommendation to purchase a specific security. 2. To acquire an asset in exchange for currency. Taobiz explains Buy Exact definitions vary by brokerage, but in general this rating is better than neutral but worse than strong buy.
概述 储存保销是指零售企业要保持一定的商品库存量，以保证商品的及时供给，防止脱销而影响企业的正常经营，尤其是对一些季节性生产、常年性消费的商品，要及时采购，保证商品销售不脱销断档。储存保销的要求 储存保销要求零售企业随时调查商品经营和库存比例，通过销售量来决定相应合理的库存量，充分发挥库存保销的作用。 储存保销要求有合理的周期库存，对于一些供应正常、较为畅销的产品需要保证其数量、品种、花色齐全，以便源源不断地供应给消费者，同时店长和导购员要共同掌握库存动态，通过进、销活动，经常保持合理库存，库存量要和进货周期相适应、和资金定额相吻合。 商品储存主要分为： 一是周转性商品储存，它可以保证商品销售连续不断地进行； 二是季节性商品储存，这是为了保证季节性销售的需要而进行的储存。 零售企业要及时分析各所在地区哪些商品是适销对路，哪些商品是逾量储存，哪些商品是滞销的，要按类别、按品种来经常分析和掌握情况。
A victory or success that comes at the expense of great losses or costs. In business, examples of such a victory could be succeeding at a hostile takeover bid or winning a lengthy and expensive lawsuit. In 2001, Microsoft won a Pyrrhic victory in its antitrust case when the Appeals Court decided the software giant was not to be broken up. However, Microsoft was still branded a monopoly and was subject to other punishment. The expression alludes to the Greek King Pyrrhus who, after defeating the Romans in battle, stated: "If we win another such battle against the Romans, we will be completely lost."
An interest-earning bank account with which the customer is permitted to write drafts against money held on deposit. Also known as a "NOW account". |||Typically commercial banks, mutual-savings banks and savings-and-loan associations can offer this type of account to individuals, some nonprofit organizations and certain governmental units.
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