直接金融概述 间接金融的对称。资金盈余部门与资金短缺部门分别作为最后贷款者和最后借款者直接协商借贷,或者由资金盈余部门直接购入资金短缺部门的有价证券而实现资金融通的金融行为。 目录 1 直接金融运作方式 2 直接金融优点 3 直接金融的局限性 直接金融运作方式 ①交易双方直接进入市场,按照一定的条件直接进行交易; ②通过金融中介机构或经纪人的安排,间接进行交易。 在金融市场上发行债券也有两种方式,一是自办发行,二是通过中介机构代为发行。不论交易是直接进行还是间接进行,只要买卖双方作为最后贷款者和最后借款者而结成直接的债权债务关系,这种资金融通均属直接金融。证券的买卖是否通过中介人,并不是区别直接金融和间接金融的标准。同样,证券的买卖是在一级市场(发行市场)上进行,还是在二级市场(转让市场)上进行,也不是区别直接金融与间接金融的标准,因为直接证券的新旧并不改变持有人和发行人之间的直接债权债务关系。 直接金融优点 ①能够把资金供需双方紧密结合起来,有利于资金的快速融通,有利于多种信用形式的发展,促进投资尽快实现。 ②把资金供需双方的经济利益紧密结合在一起,既使投资者更加关心筹资者的资金使用状况,又使筹资者增加了压力和约束力,两方面的合力,促使资金使用效益不断提高。 直接金融的局限性 ①对于贷款者(资金供应者)来说,直接金融的风险比间接金融为大因为在市场竞争的环境中,不排除发行直接证券的部门有经营亏损和破产倒闭的可能,而这种风险只能由贷款的一方独自承担。 ②直接金融得以发生,必须以交易双方在资金借贷的数量、期限、利率等方面均有一致的要求为前提条件,而这一条件不是总能得到满足的。所以在某种程度上可能影响资金融通。 ③在金融市场欠发达的国家或地区,直接金融证券的流动性较弱,变现能力较低。 总之,直接金融有利于发展商品经济,但要实现商品经济的有计划发展,必须对其进行必要的管理。
已知价计算法概述已知价又称历史价,是指上一个交易日的收盘价。已知价计算法就是基金管理人根据上一个交易日的收盘价来计算基金所拥有的金融资产,包括股票、债券、期货合约、认股权证等的总值,加上现金资产,然后除以已出售出的基金单位总额,得出每个基金单位的资产净值。 相关条目 债券 交易日收盘 股票
An electronic marketplace where National Association of Securities Dealer (NASD) members could execute trades, communicate, and receive quotations on stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the American Stock Exchange (Amex). Formerly known as "Nasdaq's third market", Nasdaq Intermarket used Nasdaq's Computer Assisted Execution System (CAES) to connect buy and/or sell orders. Nasdaq announced its intentions to withdraw from the Intermarket Trading system in 2005. Nasdaq Intermarket competed for retail stock orders with regional exchanges such as the Chicago Stock Exchange (CHX) and the Boston Stock Exchange (BSE). By connecting several stock exchanges, the intermarket system gave traders access to additional buyers and/or sellers, increasing liquidity and competition.
The difference between a country's imports and its exports. Balance of trade is the largest component of a country's balance of payments. Debit items include imports, foreign aid, domestic spending abroad and domestic investments abroad. Credit items include exports, foreign spending in the domestic economy and foreign investments in the domestic economy. A country has a trade deficit if it imports more than it exports; the opposite scenario is a trade surplus.Also referred to as "trade balance" or "international trade balance" |||The balance of trade is one of the most misunderstood indicators of the U.S. economy. For example, many people believe that a trade deficit is a bad thing. However, whether a trade deficit is bad thing is relative to the business cycle and economy. In a recession, countries like to export more, creating jobs and demand. In a strong expansion, countries like to import more, providing price competition, which limits inflation and, without increasing prices, provides goods beyond the economy's ability to meet supply. Thus, a trade deficit is not a good thing during a recession but may help during an expansion.
目录 1 什么是固定成长股票 2 固定成长股票的价值1 3 相关条目 4 参考文献 什么是固定成长股票 固定成长股票是指未来期内,股利成固定增长趋势变动的股票。企业的股利不应当是不变的,而是应当不断成长的。各个公司的成长率不同,但就整个平均来说应等于国民生产总值的成长率,或者说是真实的国民生产总值增长率加通货膨胀率。 固定成长股票的价值1 如果企业股利不断稳定增长,并假设每年股利增长均为g,目前的股利为D0,则第t年的股利为: Dt = D0(1 + g)t 固定成长股票的价值的计算公式为: 当g固定时,上述公式可简化为: 如要计算股票投资的预期报酬率,则只要求出上述公式中Rs即可: Rs = (D1 / P0) + g 例如,某企业股票目前的股利为4元,预计年增长率为3%,投资者期望的最低报酬率为8%,则该股票的内在价值为: =82.4(元) 若按82.4元买进,则下年度预计的投资报酬率为: Rs = (D1 / P0) + g =4×(1+3%)÷82.4+3% =8% 相关条目 零成长股票 非固定成长股票 参考文献 ↑ 张阳华.《现代企业财务》M.复旦大学出版社,2002-04
冷酷战略简介 “冷酷战略”指,参与人在开始时选择合作,在冷酷战略接下来的博弈中,如果对方合作则继续合作,而如果对方一旦背叛,则永远选择背叛,永不合作。 相关条目 词语 策略 中文冷战——其实是很不错的计策,在三十六计中就是:欲擒故纵。冷酷战略
简介 1、上证180全收益指数(SSE 180 TOTAL RETURN INDEX)由上海证券交易所编制,是上证180指数的衍生指数,与上证180指数的区别在于指数的计算中将样本股分红计入指数收益,供投资者从不同角度考量指数走势。 2、上证180全收益指数编制方法同上证180指数。 3、上证180全收益指数调整方法与上证180指数相同。 相关词条 MSCI中国A股指数 MSCI国家指数 上证180指数 上证30指数 上证50全收益指数 上证50指数 上证A股指数 参考资料 http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%81180%E5%85%A8%E6%94%B6%E7%9B%8A%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0
A Latin phrase for "let the buyer beware." The term is primarily used in real property transactions. Essentially it proclaims that the buyer must perform their due diligence when purchasing an item or service. In other words, consumers need to know their rights and be vigilant in avoiding scams. For example in the private purchase of a used car, caveat emptor places an onus on the buyer to make sure the car is worth the purchase price. This is because once the transaction is complete the buyer will not receive a warranty or return option from the seller.