A swap that is similar to a non-deliverable forward, with the only difference being that settlement for both parties is done through a major currency. Non-deliverable swaps are used when the swap includes a major currency, such as the U.S. dollar, and a restricted currency, such as the Philippine peso or South Korean won. |||For example, assume two companies are entered into a swap, exchanging U.S. dollars and South Korean won. The Korean company is due to pay $110,000,000 won, and the U.S. company is due to pay $125,000 U.S. dollars. The fixed rate for the contract is taken as the spot rate for the day before the payment date. In this example, we will assume 929 won/dollar. The Korean company is then due to pay $118,406.89 ($110,000,000/929) U.S. dollars. A net payment is made on the payment date - for this example, the U.S. company pays $6,593.11 ($125,000 - $118,406.89) U.S. dollars to the Korean company.Non-deliverable swaps have allowed emerging markets with minor currencies to hedge against currency risk.
A type of right given to shareholders of an acquired company (or a company facing major restructuring) that ensures they receive additional benefit if a specified event occurs. A contingent value right is similar to an option because it often has an expiration date that relates to the time the contingent event must occur. |||For example, shareholders of an acquired company may receive a CVR that enables them to receive additional shares of the target company in the event that target company's share price falls below a certain level by a specified date. Another example of a CVR would be for a target company to set aside a large sum of money that would be transferred to the shareholders of the acquired company in the event that the price of the target company's shares do not meet a certain target or fall below a specified price.
资金拆借概念 资金拆借是指具有法人资格的金融机构及经法人授权的非法人金融机构、分支机构之间进行的短期资金融通的行为。 资金拆借目的 调剂头寸和临时资金余缺。资金拆借是金融机构在经营过程中，由于存款和放款汇入和汇出形成资金多余或不足时，以多余补不足，调节准备金，求得资金平衡的有效方式。 资金拆借类型 根据交易的性质，资金拆借主要分为头寸拆借和同业借贷两种类型。1．头寸拆借银行在经营过程中常出现短暂的资金时间差和空间差，出现有的银行收大于支（多头寸），有的银行支大于出的情况（少头寸）的情况。多头寸的银行通过头寸拆借借出多余资金生息，少头寸的银行通过头寸拆借借入资金补足差额。2．同业借贷银行等金融机构之间因为临时性和季节性的资金短缺而相互融通调剂，以利业务经营，这就产生了同业借贷。对借入行来说，同业借贷是其扩大资金来源，增加贷款能力以取得更多受益的又一资金来源。对贷出银行来讲，同业借贷是其投放部分闲置资金的手段，可以增强其资产的流动性和收益。同业借贷因其借贷资金额较大，属于金融机构之间的批发业务。同业借贷与头寸拆借之间的最大区别在于融通资金的用途。同业借贷是调剂临时性、季节性的业务经营资金短缺；头寸拆借则是为了轧平票据交换头寸、补足存款准备金和减少超额准备而进行的短期资金融通。
A fee (sales charge or load) that mutual fund investors pay when selling Class-B fund shares within a specified number of years of the date on which they were originally purchased.Also known as a "back-end load" or "sales charge". |||For mutual funds with share classes that determine when investors pay the fund's load or sales charge, Class-B shares carry a contingent deferred sales charge during a five- to 10-year holding period calculated from the time of the initial investment. The fee amounts to a percentage of the value of the shares being sold. It is highest in the first year of the specified period and decreases annually until the period ends, at which time it drops to zero. As a mutual fund investor, if you were to buy and hold Class-B fund shares until the end of the specified period, you could avoid paying this type of fund's sales charge, thereby enhancing your investment return. Unfortunately, fund research indicates that mutual fund investors are holding their funds, on average, for less than five years, which often triggers the application of a back-end sales charge in a Class-B share fund investment.
A person who uses statistics and mathematics to study, model and predict economic principles and outcomes. Econometricians use statistical measures and mathematical formulas to produce objective results in the study of economics. An econometrician is a type of economist who integrates statistics and mathematics into economic analysis. Econometricians use highly specialized math and statistics to generate quantifiable results. Individuals employed as econometricians typically have advanced degrees in statistics and/or economics, although some universities do offer specific degrees in econometrics.
什么是空头袭击 所谓空头袭击，是指卖空者大量卖空市场上的股票，其目的就是通过改变市场的供求力量来推动市场的下跌，并且在市场的下跌中获利。 目录 1 空头袭击的关键 空头袭击的关键 沃顿商学院的金融学教授古德斯登（Itay Goldstein）和牛津大学林肯学院的学者甘布尔（Alexander Guembel）发现，空头袭击只有在意图毁掉公司时才会有效，而交易者们没有足够的力量制造抬升股价的氛围。 空头袭击的关键是卖空，交易员从经纪人借入股票卖出，待股票价格下跌后再买进，然后归还借入的股票，因此只有在股价下跌时空头才有赚头――即高抛低补。如果股价上涨，交易者只能花更多钱买入同等量的股票进行回补。 1998年国际投机家们对香港的袭击就是很好地利用了股票市场上的卖空机制。大量的卖空导致了香港股市的大幅下跌，同时也使国际炒家获得了可观的利润。也正是因为这些负面的影响，各国在引入卖空机制的同时莫不加大了对卖空行为的监管，要求卖空行为的信息更加透明，目的更加正当。
A way that an investor in a mutual fund can qualify for lowered fees by totaling transactions in several funds from the same fund family to obtain a reduced fee. Generally, fees for investing in a mutual fund decrease as the amount that a person invests increases; therefore, if there is a required minimum investment that allows an investor to receive the fee discount, the investor can receive the discount without having to invest all of that minimum in the same fund. Investors can also qualify for lower fees by committing to make several investments in a fund over a defined period. If a mutual fund's fees are 4.5% for $5,000 invested, but 3.5% for $10,000 invested, the cumulative discount privilege means that you won't need to invest $10,000 in one fund to get the reduced fee. Instead, you can invest $10,000 in several different funds from the same fund family to get the rate. You can also set up an agreement to invest the $10,000 into the fund in smaller increments over an allotted amount of time. As long as you follow the agreement, you will be charged the lower fee.
套汇[arbitrage ]利用不同市场的对冲价格，通过买入或卖出信用工具，同时在相应市场中买入相同金额但方向相反的头寸，以便从细微价格差额中获利。套汇是指利用不同的外汇市场，不同的货币种类，不同的交割时间以及一些货币汇率和和利率上的差异，进行从低价一方买进，高价一方卖出，从中赚取利润的外汇买卖。套汇一般可以分为地点套汇、时间套汇和套利三种形式。地点套汇又分两种，第一种是直接套汇。又称为两地套汇，是利用在两个不同的外汇市场上某种货币汇率发生的差异，同时在两地市场贱买贵卖，从而赚取汇率的差额利润。第二种是间接套汇，又称三地套汇。是在三个或三个以上地方发生汇率差异时，利用同一种货币在同一时间内进行贱买贵卖，从中赚取差额利润。时间套汇又称为调期交易，它是一种即期买卖和远期买卖相结合的交易方式，是以保值为目的的。一般是在两个资金所有人之间同时进行即期与远期两笔交易，从而避免因汇率变动而引起的风险。套利又称利息套汇，是利用两个国家外汇市场的利率差异，把短期资金从低利率市场调到高利率的市场，从而赚取利息收入。举例来说，1美金可以买到0.7英镑，1英镑可以买到9.5法郎，而1法郎则可以买到0.16美金。一个实行这种交易方式的人可以靠着1美金而得到1.064元美金，获利率是6.4%。一次成功的三角套汇交易必须以一种货币开始，并且以同一种货币为结束。但是任何货币都可以做为初始的货币种类。套汇交易具有三大特点一是大商业银行是最大的套汇业务投机者；二是套汇买卖的数额一般较大，套汇利润相应颇丰；三是套汇业务都利用电汇方式。套汇业务一般分为两角套汇和三角套汇。两角套汇是利用两个不同地点的外汇市场之间的某一货币汇率的差异，同时在这两个外汇市场上一边买进，一边卖出该货币，以赚取汇率差额的一种交易；三角套汇是利用三个不同外汇市场之间的货币汇率差异，同时在这三个外汇市场上进行套汇买卖，从汇率差额中牟取利润的一种外汇交易。 相关词条 管理理论 管理软件 西方经济学 期货 国际金融 MBA 经济学派 股票 银行 保险 人力资源 经济学家 基金 财政 贸易
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