虚假出资概述 虚假出资是指公司发起人、股东并未交付货币、实物或者未转移财产所有权，而与代收股款的银行串通，由银行出具收款证明，或者与资产评估机构、验资机构串通由资产评估机构、验资机构出具财产所有权转移证明、出资证明，骗取公司的登记的行为。 公司的发起人，可以用货币出资，也可以用实物、工业产权、非专利技术、土地使用权作价出资。发起人应当按期、足额缴纳公司章程中规定的各自所认缴的出资额。以货币出资的，应当将货币出资足额存入准备设立的公司在银行开设的临时账户；以实物、工业产权、非专利技术或者土地使用权出资的，应当依法办理其财产权的转移手续。 目录 1 虚假出资的行政责任 2 虚假出资的刑事责任 虚假出资的行政责任 根据《公司法》第208条规定，对于虚假出资的公司发起人，股东，由公司登记机关责令改正，并处以虚假出资金额5%以上10%以下罚款的行政处罚。 虚假出资的刑事责任 公司发起人、股东违反《公司法》的规定未交付货币、实物或者未转移财产权，虚假出资，数额巨大、后果严重或者其他严重情节的，构成虚假出资罪，依《刑法》第159条的规定，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处虚假出资金额或者抽逃出资金额2%以上10%以下罚金。单位犯本罪的，对单位头版罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。 根据《最高人民检察院、公安部关于经济犯罪案件追诉标准的规定》（2001年4月18日）的规定，公司发起人、股东违反公司法的规定未交付货币、实物或者未转移财产权，虚假出资，或者在公司成立后又抽逃其出资，涉嫌下列情形之一的，应予追诉： （1）虚假出资、抽逃出资，给公司、股东、债权人造成的直接经济损失累计数额在10万元至50万元以上的； （2）虽未达到上述数额标准，但具有下列情形之一的； ①致使公司资不抵债或者无法正常经营的； ②公司发起人、股东合谋虚假出资、抽逃出资的； ③因虚假出资、抽逃出资，受过行政处罚二次以上，又虚假出资、抽逃出资的； ④利用虚假出资、抽逃出资所得资金进行违法活动的。
A rollover is when you do the following: 1. Reinvest funds from a mature security into a new issue of the same or a similar security. 2. Transfer the holdings of one retirement plan to another without suffering tax consequences. 3. Move a forex position to the following delivery date, in which case the rollover incurs a charge. |||1. Assuming an option about to expire is favorable to hold, you may decide to buy or sell the later expiring option. 2. Retirement plans may be moved in order to forgo tax consequences when moving from one company to another. The distribution is reported on IRS Form 1099-R and the rollover contribution is reported on IRS Form 5498. Rollovers may be limited to one per annum for each IRA and the assets are generally made payable to the retirement account holder. The assets must then be deposited to the receiving retirement account within 60 days after the account holder receives the assets. 3. The forex fee arises from the difference in interest rates between the two currencies underlying a transaction. Sometimes investors can earn a credit if they are purchasing the currency with the higher of the two interest rates. Investors are often required to maintain certain margin positions with their brokers to earn a credit from rollover.
A household in which there are two incomes and no children (either both partners are working or one has two incomes). DINKS are often the target of marketing efforts for luxury items such as expensive cars and vacations. |||Couples living in a DINK household are thought to have more disposable income because they don't have the added expenses that come with children. Contrast this with "DEWKS".
The smallest dollar or share quantity that an investor can purchase when investing in a specific security or fund. Most often seen in relation to mutual funds, minimum investments are also found consistently in fixed-income securities hedge funds, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMO) and limited partnerships (LP) where $1,000 units is typically the smallest cut allowed. Minimum investment amounts for mutual funds can stretch anywhere from $0 all the way to $1 million or more for institutional share classes. Hedge fund minimum investments can be even larger, as can some LPs and unit investment trusts. For retail investors, there remains a large selection of funds that have modest minimum investments of a few hundred dollars. A big factor for a fund manager in determining a minimum investment size is the strategy and liquidity demands of the fund itself. By setting a high minimum investment, fund managers can effectively weed out short-term investors and regulate cash inflows to the fund, which can be helpful for day-to-day management of the assets.
1. A slang phrase used in the underwriting process to refer to the time when the underwriters are no longer obligated to sell securities at the agreed upon price, as decided by the syndicate. When an underwriter is freed up, it is allowed to trade any remaining securities at the market price. 2. The amount of capital that becomes available to an investor when a position is closed. The "freed up" capital can then be used to invest in other assets. 1. During an initial public offering, underwriters agree to market their allotted securities at a fixed price. Sometimes, the demand for the shares is very large and investors are willing to pay higher prices. Until the syndicate is "freed up" from the fixed price restrictions, it cannot adjust the sale price of the stock, despite increased demand. 2. For example, an investor that holds shares of ABC Company may decide to close the position and use the freed up capital to invest in other opportunities.
An options trading strategy that is generally achieved by purchasing one call option and selling two other call options at different strike prices. When drawn structurally, the strike price of the long option is located below the two successively higher written calls and loosely resembles a Christmas tree. This strategy is used when an investor believes a stock is going to make a move higher. It is a variation of the ratio spread, so a significant upward move in the stock price will result in a very large loss due to the extra short call. The staggered strike prices for the written calls in the Christmas tree strategy reduce the amount of loss incurred when the share price rises more than expected, unlike the ratio spread, where the call options have the same strike.
A slang phrase describing the situation of someone when he or she gains outright ownership of an asset, such as when it is completely paid off and no creditor has a claim on the property. The phrase is probably most commonly used in reference to one's mortgage. If your house is completely paid off, you own your house "free and clear." In the case of real estate, before a sale can occur, the property must be "free and clear" so the buyers know that there are no prior claims on it.
营销网络概述 全球性的竞争催生了“营销网络”（marketing network）概念的形成。 营销网络是指公司在国内外寻找“战略伙伴”或“同盟者”，并与他们结合起来，以获得更广泛、更有效的地区市场的一种发展战略。营销网络的建立，为某一公司在世界各地的市场上同时推出同一新产品提供了可能，因而，也减少了由于种种原因的限制，使产品在进入其他国家和地区市场的时间上的延误而导致被仿制者夺走市场的风险。 早在1975 年，日本企业就开始在全球范围内寻找贸易伙伴，建立营销网络。日本企业历来以国内为生产基地，针对各个国家的特点开发适应各国需求的产品，发展出口贸易，取得了巨额利润。同时，也遭到美国及其他一些国家的不满和抵制，加上日元升值而带来出口萎缩，迫使日本企业走出国门，到世界各国投资建厂，建立营销网络。近几年，日本企业以每年数百亿美元的速度对外输出资本，建立起自己的营销网络。走出国门寻找贸易伙伴，走国际化、集团化道路，是90 年代企业营销发展的又一新趋势。 目录 1 营销网络的功能 营销网络的功能 它具有以下几大功能： 一、商品流通功能 工人生产出的东西要拿出来销售，要销售就必须设点(店铺)，销售点的大而广之，细而化之，纵横交错，便成网络状，只有这样才能达到足够的市场占据率，进而提高市场占有率。因此营销网络的商品流通职能是显而易见的。企业通过自设的或代理商的销售网络，将产品层层传递，最后在网络终端完成销售，形成往返的资金流和物流，企业也因之不断获得利润和生命活力。因此，营销网络首先是一个“渠道”，一个实现资金流和物流不断对流从而使企业不断获得生存和发展动力的 “渠道”。 二、营销推广和形象传播功能 随着市场经济的逐步深入发展，企业营销意识的增强，网络亦被赋予了营销推广的重要职能。在强力进行广告促销攻势的同时，不能忘了提升企业在当地的形象和知名度。这与传统的网络仅为销售流通渠道的观念相比前进了一大步。有的企业甚至先构筑自己的营销网络，创造市场，然后才建设工厂。如广东TCL集团在 1992年进军彩电市场时，根本没有自己的彩电基地，但他们倡导“有计划的市场推广”概念，大力筹建在全国的营销网络，没有工厂找人代加工，硬是靠着网络在各地的强有力的市场营销推广，强力促销．奇迹般在5年内跻身于中国彩电业三强之列，成为现代营销学“先有市场，再造工厂”模式的典范。 三、信息采集功能 企业的决策行为不是凭空凭感觉做出的，而是源于对大量信息的收集、归纳及分析基础上的认识。除重大决策行为需要专业调查公司参与外，大量的决策依然要靠企业的力量去收集信息。丽网络的末梢由于最接近于市场，消费者的意见，经销商的态度乃至竞争对手的举措在市场上均有敏感的反映，企业必须准确掌握这些信息才能有的放矢，做出正确决策指导企业采取相应的行动，在竞争中获胜。因此网络内部的信息流通的畅通相当重要。企业必须加强制度管理和综合培训，大力确保网络信息流动的快速度和畅通，发挥网络在这方面的潜能。 四、网络的兼容性 网络的兼容性，即企业在实现一种产品销售的基础上，能不断适应企业发展、新品拓展的需要，迅速有效地提高企业其他品类产品的销售力，使其快速攻人市场并提高市场占有率。当然，网络在兼容的同时也要注意自身产品以前的形象定位，尽量削弱对这种定位的负面影响，并达到不同产品之间在同一网络内互相映衬的效果，以有效节约企业资源。目前国内家电企业中建有最庞大、最细腻营销网络的TCL集团，在已有的彩电、VCD、家庭影院等产品基础上，正准备推出自己的 DVD、无绳电话机和电脑产品。如能发挥网络的兼容性优势，那么这些产品在全国的迅速提升是完全可能的。目前他们已开始正视这一问题，提出了“网络航空港”建设的战略构想，着力提高网络的兼容性，快速提升新产品的市场份额。 五、吸纳人才 庞大的营销网络像庞大的根须，它的触角伸展到哪里，都会极大地树立企业在当地的形象，像吸纳水分一样吸纳当地的人才。这是“人才本土化”管理原则的要求，也是网络得以在当地扎根、不断发展和繁荣的根本所在。这就要求各区域网络的负责人不仅要全力以赴销售产品，更要注重网络单位在当地的内部管理及形象建设，提高网络的精神张力，大力吸纳高素质的人才精英，强化其对企业的忠诚度，提高整个网络运作的绩效和水平。 六、提供快捷、温情服务 在日趋激烈的市场条件中，为消费者、客户提供温情、周到、细致而又快捷的服务已成为国内越来越多企业的共识。有家彩电生产企业甚至干脆扯起了“服务营销”的大旗、网络在各地的建设使服务在这些方面的迅速提升成为可能，庞大的网络可以提供对于消费者面对面的微笑与关怀，使消费者感受到企业的力量，进而产生无比的信赖。当然，这中间网络的扩张也要掌握——个“度”，避免盲目膨胀和延伸导致的低效作业现象。 综上所述，目前一些企业营销网络的建设已远远超出了销售网络的概念范畴，它所具有的复杂功能使网络单位必须树立长远经营的眼光，并且融入当地社会与经济生活，在销售产品的同时不断地传播企业文化和价值观。如此，营销网络的建设将最终成为企业永立不倒的基石，企业最宝贵的生命资源。
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