A type of exotic option that gives an investor an agreed upon payout if the price of the underlying asset does not reach or surpass one of two predetermined barrier levels. An investor using this type of option pays a premium to his or her broker and in turn receives the right to choose the position of the barriers, the time to expiration, and the payout to be received if the price fails to breach either barrier. With this type of option, the maximum possible loss is just the cost of setting up the option.A double no-touch option is the opposite of a double one-touch option. |||This type of option is useful for a trader who believes that the price of an underlying asset will remain range-bound over a certain period of time. Double no-touch options are growing in popularity among traders in the forex markets. For example, assume that the current USD/EUR rate is 1.20 and the trader believes that this rate will not change dramatically over the next 14 days. The trader could use a double no-touch option with barriers at 1.19 and 1.21 to capitalize on this outlook. In this case, the trader stands to make a profit if the rate fails to move beyond either of the two barriers.
A situation in which there is a fixed official exchange rate and an illegal market-determined parallel exchange rate. The different exchange rates are used in different situations, either in exchanges or evaluations, as mandated by the government. |||Argentina adopted a dual exchange rate following its catastrophic economic troubles in the beginning of 2002. The illegal market-determined exchange rate would be preferred in a situation such as a cost-benefit analysis conducted on behalf of the Argentinian government.
A currency trading term that describes when the forward ask price is lower than the spot bid price, resulting in a gain for the trader. A trader is gaining the points when he or she sells at one price now then agrees to buy for less in the future. Gaining the point only refers to the difference between sell and buy prices and does not take the time value of money into account.This is the opposite of "losing the points". |||If the individual sells at the higher ask price in the spot market, then buys at a lower bid price in the futures market, he or she is gaining the points.For example, suppose that Peter sells the British pound at 2.2055 dollars per British pound in the spot and enters into a forward contract to buy the pound back at 2.2000 dollars per pound in the future. Peter is gaining the points, in this case 0.0055 dollars per pound.
Negative consequences arising from large increases in a country's income. Dutch disease is primarily associated with a natural resource discovery, but it can result from any large increase in foreign currency, including foreign direct investment, foreign aid or a substantial increase in natural resource prices. |||Dutch diseas has two main effects:1. A decrease in the price competitiveness, and thus the export, of the affected country's manufactured goods 2. An increase in imports In the long run, both these factors can contribute to manufacturing jobs being moved to lower-cost countries. The end result is that non-resource industries are hurt by the increase in wealth generated by the resource-based industries. The term "Dutch disease" originates from a crisis in the Netherlands in the 1960s that resulted from discoveries of vast natural gas deposits in the North Sea. The newfound wealth caused the Dutch guilder to rise, making exports of all non-oil products less competitive on the world market. In the 1970s, the same economic condition occurred in Great Britain, when the price of oil quadrupled and it became economically viable to drill for North Sea Oil off the coast of Scotland. By the late 1970s, Britain had become a net exporter of oil; it had previously been a net importer. The pound soared in value, but the country fell into recession when British workers demanded higher wages and exports became uncompetitive.
A condition that exists in the eurodollar interbank deposit market when the bid and offer rates for a particular period are equal. Increasing levels of liquidity can narrow the spread between bid and offer rates until the two values are identical, resulting in an either-way market. |||In an either-way market, banks can go either way between lending or borrowing at the current rate. The convergence of the bid and offer rates creates this indifference point.
The currency code for the Egyptian pound, the official currency of Egypt. The EGP replaced the Egyptian piastre in 1834. The pound was tied first to the gold standard and then the British pound, until 1962 when the country moderately devalued the pound and pegged it to the U.S. dollar. The EGP is unofficially used by residents of the Gaza Strip. |||The Central Bank of Egypt, which oversees the national currency, was created as a result of the merger of the Central Bank of Egypt and National Bank of Egypt in 1961. Egyptian banknotes feature both English and Hindu Arabic numbers on one side and Arabic texts with Eastern Arabic numbers on the other. The currency can also be noted by the symbol LE or L.E. (related to the French translation for the currency).
The currency code for the Estonian kroon, the official currency of northeastern European country of Estonia. The Estonian kroon (EEK) became the official legal currency of Estonia in January of 1928, when it replaced the Estonian mark. In 1940, when the Soviets invaded Estonia, the kroon was replaced by the Soviet ruble, which remained the country's currency until 1992. The kroon was resurrected for a second time as the national currency that year and was pegged to the Deutsche mark. |||The Bank of Estonia issues the kroon. It mints coins in 5, 10, 20 and 50 "senti," 1 kroon and 5 "krooni" denominations. It prints 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500 "krooni" denomination banknotes. The currency market, also known as the foreign exchange market, is the largest financial market in the world.
An exposure to fluctuating exchange rates, which affects a company's earnings, cash flow and foreign investments. The extent to which a company is affected by economic exposure depends on the specific characteristics of the company and its industry. |||Most large companies attempt to minimize the risk of fluctuating exchange rates by hedging with positions in the forex market. Companies that do a lot of business in many countries, such as import/export companies, are at particular risk for economic exposure.
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