英文名称：Crawling Peg 中文名称：有限浮动汇率（制）一种汇率调整的制度，允许货币汇率的值在固定汇率水平范围内上涨或下跌。这一固定的货币汇率值也可以随着市场因素变化，例如通货膨胀，而经常进行微小调整。e.g. The State Bank of Vietnam will continue to set each day's starting rate for the dong, allowing it to control trends over the medium term and encourage exchange-rate stability as it moves from the existing crawling peg system to a more liberal foreign exchange regime.A system of exchange rate adjustment in which a currency with a fixed exchange rate is allowed to fluctuate within a band of rates. The par value of the stated currency is also adjusted frequently due to market factors such as inflation. This gradual shift of the currency's par value is done as an alternative to a sudden and significant devaluation of the currency. For example, in the 1990s, Mexico had fixed its peso with the U.S. dollar. However, due to the significant inflation in Mexico, as compared to the U.S., it was evident that the peso would need to be severely devalued. Because a rapid devaluation would create instability, Mexico put into place a crawling peg exchange rate adjustment system, and the peso was slowly devalued toward a more appropriate exchange rate.
英文名称：Current Account 中文名称：经常账户一个国家国际收支的主要组成部分，包括商品及劳务交易收支。区别于资本账户。 The difference between a nation's total exports of goods, services and transfers, and its total imports of them. Current account balance calculations exclude transactions in financial assets and liabilities. The level of the current account is followed as an indicator of trends in foreign trade.
英文名称：Dollarization 中文名称：美元化指一个经济体以美元取代本土货币的过程。美元化可以是非官方的，即不是政府强制要求的，而是人们自发的普遍使用美元；也可以是半官方的，在这样的国家，美元是合法的，但是相对本国货币来说只扮演次要角色；还可以是官方的，即该国家只使用美元，而停止发行本国货币。 A situation where the citizens of a country officially or unofficially use a foreign country's currency as legal tender for conducting transactions. The main reason for dollarization is because of greater stability in the value of the foreign currency over domestic currency. The downside of dollarization is that the country gives up its right to influence its own monetary policy by adjusting the money supply. For example, the citizens of a country with an economy undergoing rampant inflation may choose to use a historically stable currency (like the U.S. dollar) to conduct day-to-day transactions, because inflation will cause their domestic currency to have reduced buying power in a relatively short amount of time. Dollarization does not always involve the U.S. dollar as the adopted foreign currency. The euro has also been adopted by non-EU members as its domestic currency.
英文名称：Durables 中文名称：耐用品指不易被消耗或者损耗的消费品，其使用时间较长久，不需要经常性购买。在经济学中，与“非耐用品”相对。 A category of consumer goods, durables are products that do not have to be purchased frequently. Some examples of durables are appliances, home and office furnishings, lawn and garden equipment, consumer electronics, toy makers, small tool manufacturers, sporting goods, photographic equipment, and jewelry. Also known as "durable goods". Consumer goods are often classified as durables or non-durables. Durables are the stuff you buy to last, like a TV or a freezer.
英文名称：Dual Pricing 中文名称：双轨定价制指同一产品在不同的市场或国家、地区的销售价格不同。 The practice of setting prices at different levels depending on the currency used to make the purchase. Dual pricing may be used to accomplish a variety of goals, such as to gain entry into a foreign market by offering unusually low prices to buyers using the foreign currency, or as a method of price discrimination. Dual pricing can also take place in different markets that use the same currency. This is closer to price discrimination than when dual pricing is implemented in foreign markets and different currencies. Dual pricing is not necessarily an illegal pricing tactic; in fact, it is a legitimate pricing option in some industries. However, dual pricing, if done with the intent of dumping in a foreign market, can be considered illegal.
英文名称：Devaluation 中文名称：贬值指单位货币价值减少，一单位本国货币兑换外国货币的能力下降。与之对应的是升值（appreciation）。e.g. Meanwhile, the devaluation of the U.S. dollar and soaring oil prices would increase further global inflationary pressures. A deliberate downward adjustment to a country's official exchange rate relative to other currencies. In a fixed exchange rate regime, only a decision by a country's government (i.e central bank) can alter the official value of the currency. Contrast to "revaluation". There are two implications for a currency devaluation. First, devaluation makes a country's exports relatively less expensive for foreigners and second, it makes foreign products relatively more expensive for domestic consumers, discouraging imports. As a result, this may help to reduce a country's trade deficit.
目录 1资产互换 2Asset Swap 资产互换 在一个典型的资产互换中，庄家向客户以市场价向客户购买一个债券，并且以浮动票据的牌价卖给客户。然后庄家再与另一个交易伙伴定下固定换浮动互换中，来抵消浮动率的义务和债券现金流。 Asset Swap In a typical asset swap, a dealer buys a bond from a customer at the market price and sells to the customer a floating rate note at par. The dealer then enters into a fixed-for-floating swap with another counterparty to offset the floating rate obligation and the bond cash flows. Similar in structure to a plain vanilla swap, the key difference is the underlying of the swap contract. Rather than regular fixed and floating loan interest rates being swapped, fixed and floating investments are being exchanged. In a plain vanilla swap, a fixed libor is swapped for a floating libor. In an asset swap, a fixed investment such as a bond with guaranteed coupon payments is being swapped for a floating investment such as an index.
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