The risk that arises when operating in a foreign jurisdiction. In recent times, jurisdiction risk has focused on banks and financial institutions who are exposed to the risk that some of the countries where they operate may be high-risk areas for money laundering and terrorism financing. Jurisdiction risk can also refer to when laws unexpectedly change in a jurisdiction an investor has exposure to. |||Jurisdiction risk is generally believed to be higher in countries that have either been designated as non-cooperative by the Financial Action Task Force, or have been identified by the U.S. Treasury as requiring special measures due to concerns about money laundering or corruption. Because of the punitive fines and penalties that can be levied against a financial institution that is involved (even inadvertently) in money laundering or financing terrorism, most organizations have specific processes to assess and mitigate jurisdiction risk.
The currency abbreviation or the currency symbol for the Japanese yen (JPY), the currency for Japan. The yen is made up of 100 sen or 1000 rin and is often presented with the symbol (__). The yen was originally introduced by the Meiji government as a measure to modernize the country economically. |||The yen was first seen in 1872, replacing the mon currency of the feudal era. It lost most of its value by the end of World War II and was pegged to the U.S. dollar in 1949. When the U.S. went off the gold standard in 1971, the yen was devalued again and has been a floating currency since 1973, rising and falling against the dollar with the international exhange rates.
The currency abbreviation or the currency symbol for the Japanese yen (JPY), the currency for Japan. The yen is made up of 100 sen or 1000 rin and is often presented with a symbol that looks like the capital letter Y with two horizontal dashes through the center. The yen was originally introduced by the Meiji government as a measure to modernize the country economically. |||The yen was first seen in 1872, replacing the mon currency of the feudal era. The yen lost most of its value by the end of World War II and was pegged to the U.S. dollar in 1949. When the U.S. went off the gold standard in 1971, the yen was devalued again and has been a floating currency since 1973, rising and falling against the dollar with the international exhange rates.
The currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Jordanian Dinar (JOD), the currency for Jordan. The dinar is made up of 10 dirham, 100 qirsh or 1000 fils and has no official symbol, but is often presented with the informal notation (JD). The dinar is also circulated on Israel's West Bank. |||The dinar was first seen replacing the Palestinian pound in 1949. Dinarian coins were denominated in Arabic until 1992 and then changed to english. The dinar has been pegged to the International Money Fund's Special Drawing Rights since October of 1995. It is also unofficially pegged to the U.S. dollar.
The currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Jordanian dinar (JOD), the currency for Jordan. The dinar is made up of 10 dirham, 100 qirsh or 1000 fils and has no official symbol, but is often presented with the informal notation JD. The dinar is also circulated on Israel's West Bank. |||The dinar was first seen replacing the Palestinian pound in 1949. Dinarian coins were denominated in Arabic until 1992 and then changed to English. The dinar has been pegged to the International Money Fund's Special Drawing Rights since October of 1995. It is also unofficially pegged to the U.S. dollar.
The currency abbreviation or the currency symbol for the Jamacian dollar (JMD), the currency for Jamaica. The currency is made up of 100 cents and is often presented with the symbol (J$) or (JA$). The Jamaican dollar was also formerly used in the Cayman Islands. |||The Jamaican dollar was first seen replacing the Jamaican pound in 1969. Both coins and notes were issued, but its value has fallen substantially since then, reaching new lows early in 2009. Many bills have been replaced by coins, and a $1000 note began circulating in 2000.
The currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Cambodian riel (KHR), the currency for Cambodia. The riel is made up of 100 sen. Although the riel has been used in two forms since its inception, no monetary system was used in Cambodia from 1975 to 1980. |||The Cambodian riel was first seen in 1953 and was divided into 100 centimes. These were changed to sen in 1959, but the riel was discontinued under the Khmer Rouge in 1975. It was reintroduced in 1980 and is still in use today, although U.S. dollars are also often used in urban and tourist areas.
The currency used as a reference in an international transaction or when setting an exchange rate. The key currency used is usually issued by a stable, developed country such as the United States. Central banks also hold key currencies in reserve (reserve currency). |||As a monetary practice, countries with smaller or less-dominant economies sometimes align their exchange rates with the dominant trading partner. The central bank of some developing countries may fix the exchange rate to the key currency, which has the effect of limiting monetary policy flexibility but can also increase confidence in the country's economy.
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