Temporary arrangement between central banks to maintain a supply of a country’s currency for trade with other central banks at a specified exchange rate. A reciprocal currency arrangement is only intended for overnight or short-term lending in order to maintain reserve requirements, liquidity and to keep financial markets functioning smoothly. Also known as a swap line or swap network. |||Reciprocal currency arrangements exist to provide short-term access to foreign currencies. In the U.S., for example, a reciprocal currency arrangement entails both a spot (immediate delivery) transaction, where the Federal Reserve transfers dollars to a central bank and receives foreign currency in exchange; and a concurrent forward (future delivery) transaction, where the two central banks consent to reversing the spot transaction at a specified date. One purpose of a reciprocal currency arrangement is the support of a country’s currency during periods of uncertainty or unusual market disruptions.
The second currency quoted in a currency pair in forex. In a direct quote, the quote currency is the foreign currency. In an indirect quote, the quote currency is the domestic currency.Also known as the "secondary currency" or "counter currency". |||Understanding the quotation and pricing structure of currencies is essential for anyone wanting to trade currencies in the forex market. If you were looking at the CAD/USD currency pair, the U.S. dollar would be the quote currency, and the Canadian dollar would be the base currency. Major currencies that are usually shown as the quote currency include the U.S. dollar, the British pound, the euro, the Japanese yen, the Swiss franc and the Canadian dollar.
A swap with varying combinations of interest rate, currency and equity swap features, where payments are based on the movement of two different countries' interest rates. This is also referred to as a differential or "diff" swap. |||Though they deal with two different currencies, payments are settled in the same currency. For example, a typical quanto swap would involve a U.S. investor paying six-month LIBOR in U.S. dollars (for a US$1 million loan), and receive payments in U.S. dollars at the six-month EURIBOR + 75 basis points.Fixed-for-floating quanto swaps allow an investor to minimize foreign exchange risk. This is achieved by fixing both the exchange rate and interest rate at the same time. Floating-for-floating swaps have slightly higher risk, since each party is exposed to the spread between each country's currency interest rate.
A cash-settled, cross-currency derivative in which the underlying asset is denominated in a currency other than the currency in which the option is settled. Quantos are settled at a fixed rate of exchange, providing investors with shelter from exchange-rate risk. At the time of expiration, the option's value is calculated in the amount of foreign currency and then converted at a fixed rate into the domestic currency. |||The CME Nikkei 225 is an example of a quanto. It is a futures contract for which the underlying asset - in this case, the Nikkei 225 Stock Average Index - is settled in U.S. dollars, as opposed to Japanese yen. Investors use quantos when they believe that a security will do well in another country but fear that country's currency will not. Thus, investors buy an option in the foreign stock while keeping the payout in their home currency.
A foreign currency held by central banks and other major financial institutions as a means to pay off international debt obligations, or to influence their domestic exchange rate. A large percentage of commodities, such as gold and oil, are usually priced in the reserve currency, causing other countries to hold this currency to pay for these goods. Holding currency reserves, therefore, minimizes exchange rate risk, as the purchasing nation will not have to exchange their currency for the current reserve currency in order to make the purchase. |||In 2011, the U.S. dollar was the primary reserve currency used by other countries. As a result, foreign nations closely monitored the monetary policy of the United States in order to ensure that the value of their reserves is not adversely affected by inflation.
The process of converting a foreign currency into the currency of one's own country. The amount that the investor will receive depends on the exchange rate between the two currencies being traded at the settlement time. |||For example, if you are American, converting British pounds back to U.S. dollars is an example of repatriation. If the pound were held by a British financial institution, the dollars would be called eurodollars, therefore, when converting those eurodollars back to dollars, the investor would be exposed to foreign exchange risk.
The ask or offer price of a foreign exchange rate. A quote for foreign exchange appears as two prices (known as the bid/ask spread); for example, 1.2591 - 1.3592. The right hand side, in this case 1.3592, represents the available offer price for the base currency or the bid rate for the quoted currency. |||The right hand side (RHS) is, literally, the right-hand side of the foreign exchange price quote. This is the price that the market is willing to sell a currency pair and the price that traders buy in. The size of the bid/ask spread is an indicator of the current liquidity in a market. A tight spread means there is good liquidity and helps cut down on losses. Forex brokers typically make money off of the bid/ask spread; the difference between the bid and the ask price is the profit on the transaction.
An indicator of the expected monthly change in house prices in the UK, published by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). The RICS house price balance is based on opinions about housing price trends of a sample size of surveyors based in the UK, covered by the RICS monthly Housing Market Survey. The house price balance figure is calculated as the proportion of surveyors reporting a rise in housing prices minus the proportion reporting a fall in prices. A positive net balance implies that more surveyors are seeing housing price increases than decreases, which would imply a robust housing market. A negative net balance implies that more surveyors are witnessing housing price decreases than increases, implying a fragile housing market. |||Consider the following example to calculate the house price balance figure. Assume that in a survey of 300 surveyors, 150 reported that prices went up, 50 reported no change and 100 reported that prices went down. Proportionally therefore, 50% reported higher prices and 33% reported lower prices, for a net house price balance of +17.
登录
工商服务
危机公关
金融律师
app开发
财税服务
金融牌照
网站建设
知识产权
企业征信
审计评估