A restriction on the amount of option contracts of a single class that any one person or company can exercise within a fixed time period (usually a period of five business days). This limit is in place so that no one person or company can corner or greatly impact the option market. For example, copper options on the CBOE may have a five-day exercise limit of 5,000 contracts, meaning no person or group can trade more than 5,000 copper contracts over any five-day period.
A tax form distributed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and used to report gains and losses from straddles or financial contracts. Section 1256 contracts include regulated futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, options, dealer equity options or dealer securities futures contracts. These investments are considered "sold" at year end (even if the positions are not actually closed) for tax purposes, and are assigned their fair market value in order to determine gains and losses. Individual tax filers report gains and losses for contracts according to mark-to-market rules. For reported investments, 40% of the gain or loss is reported as short-term, with the remaining 60% reported as long-term. Form 6781 has separate sections for straddles and Section 1256 Contracts, meaning that investors have to identify the specific type of investment used. Investors trading foreign securities contracts in foreign exchanges must still report gains or losses from that contract on Form 6781, even if those contracts would generally not be treated as a Section 1256 Contract.
A risk-mitigating investment strategy that utilizes options to limit the possible range of returns. To employ a fence, the investor purchases a security (a long position), a long put with a strike price near the spot price of the security, a short put with a strike price lower than the spot price of the security and a short call with a strike price higher than the spot price of the security. The options are typically set to expire at the same time. The option premiums should balance each other, having a net derivative investment of zero while the underlying security is bought. A fence is used to limit the movement of an option investment return, just as a fence used on a farm is designed to keep animals from wandering outside of a property. An investor may employ a fence if the underlying security has increased in value, since employing a fence will reduce the risk of loss. When the options employed expire, the strategy is designed to keep the value of the investment between the strike prices of the short call and long put.
A type of option that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell an interest rate floor at a specific price during a predetermined period of time. A floortion combines the benefits of both an interest rate floor and an option. The only upfront cost to the holder is the premium the holder has to pay to purchase the option. The investor who buys the right to enter into an interest rate floor will receive a payoff when the interest rate on the underlying floating-rate note falls below a certain level. If the floating rate does not fall below a certain rate, then the investor can exercise his or her right to not purchase the interest rate floor at the premium.
An option, generally written by a clearing house, whose expiration date, strike price, and exercising style can be modified. A flex option provides flexibility as it can be tailored to meet an investor's specific needs.
The creation of new and improved financial products through innovative design or repackaging of existing financial instruments. Financial engineers use various mathematical tools in order to create new investment strategies. The new products created by financial engineers can serve as solutions to problems or as ways to maximize returns from potential investment opportunities.
A cost effective strategy designed to limit the costs associated with exercising a call option. When a European call option is purchased, the present value of the strike price is invested in a risk-free interest bearing account. When the investment matures, the value of the account will be enough to cover the costs of exercising the European option if the holder chooses to do so. A fiduciary call is a smart way to cover the cost of exercising a stock if the investor has the spare cash available. If the option holder decides to let the option expire, then they will have a return on an investment that may be higher then the risk-free rate of return. The strategy can also be implemented for an American option if the time to exercise the option can be reasonably estimated.
The premium charged upon the initial purchase of a compound option. In other words, the front fee is what it costs to acquire a compound option. If the compound option is exercised, a second payment (the back fee) must be made.
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