An obsolete Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) form that was submitted in lieu of a 10-K405 when a company changed its fiscal year-end. SEC Form 10-KT405, and the 10-K405, were used by the SEC prior to 2003. The form was used when a company was not punctual in filing a Form 4 (or similar Form 3 or Form 5) disclosing its insider trading activities. Guidelines for reporting insider trading activity is covered under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act. SEC Forms 10-K405 and 10-KSB405 were eliminated after it was determined that the use of forms was inconsistent and unreliable. The form is no longer accepted by the EDGAR system.
An exotic option that allows the holder to lock in a defined profit while maintaining the right to continue participating in gains without a loss of locked-in monies. Shout options can be structured so that holders of this contract have more than one opportunity to "shout" or lock in profits. This allows holders to continue to benefit from positive market movements without the possibility of losing already locked-in profits.
An options strategy carried out by holding a short position in both a call and a put that have the same strike price and expiration date. The maximum profit is the amount of premium collected by writing the options. If a trader writes a straddle with a strike price of $25 and the price of the stock jumps up to $50, the trader would be obligated to sell the stock for $25. If the investor did not hold the underlying stock, he or she would be forced to buy it on the market for $50 and sell it for $25.The short straddle is a risky strategy an investor uses when he or she believes that a stock's price will not move up or down significantly. Because of its riskiness, the short straddle should be employed only by advanced traders due to the unlimited amount of risk associated with a very large move up or down.
A measurement of the amount of shareholders' equity flowing out of a company to its executives through exercised stock options. This is usually a dollar based cost, the value is measured as the difference between the strike price of the executive's options and the market value at the time of exercise.
A clause in a contract that allows for the terms of the contract to be independent of one another, so that if a term in the contract is deemed unenforceable by a court, the contract as a whole will not be deemed unenforceable. If there were no severability clause in a contract, a whole contract could be deemed unenforceable because of one unenforceable term.Also known as a "severability clause" or a "savings clause". A contract with a severability clause is essentially one contract divided into many different parts: default on one component of the contract does not prevent the rest of the contract from being fulfilled. If a sentence, clause or term in a contract is deemed invalid by a court, then this problem area of the contract will most often be rewritten to fit both the contract's original intent and the requirements of the court.
A type of option where the cost of purchasing the option is paid gradually as the strike approaches instead of when the trade is initiated. The options contract spells out how much premium must be paid and when. A step premium option is more expensive than a plain vanilla in-the-money option, but less expensive than a contingent premium option. With the latter, the investor does not pay a premium if the option expires out of the money. A step premium option is considered a structured option. A wide variety of options exist to meet different investment needs, and their premiums reflect the unique risks and rewards associated with each type of option. Investors like options because they offer a cost-efficient way to invest in an underlying asset, they can reduce investment risk when used correctly, they allow the potential for higher percentage returns by using leverage and they provide the flexibility to develop numerous trading strategies.
An option-granting practice in which options are granted at a time that precedes a positive news event. Spring loading relies on the fact that positive news typically causes the underlying company's stock to surge in value. Timing an option grant to precede the public news release provides the option holder with an almost instant profit. Spring-loading options is often a controversial practice. Because option strike prices tend to be derived from the grant day's stock price, on the day of granting the option should be "at the money".Theoretically, executives should benefit from options-based compensation only if their performance has increased shareholder value. Therefore, critics of spring loaded options state that allowing the option holder to gain instant profit defeats the purpose of option-based compensation. However, others claim that the effects of spring loading are minimal, as most option grants have a vesting period, which prevents the holder from realizing his or her position for a period of time. In this case, the option might be out of the money long before the investor can exercise it.
A type of option that derives its value from the difference between the prices of two or more assets. Spread options can be written on all types of financial products including equities, bonds and currencies. This type of position can be purchased on large exchanges, but is primarily traded in the over-the-counter market. Some types of commodity spreads enable the trader to gain exposure to the commodity's production process. This is created by purchasing a spread option based on the difference between the inputs and outputs of the process. Common examples of this type of spread are the crack, crush and spark spreads.
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