The process of closing out a position in a swap contract or another OTC derivative agreement prior to maturity. The position is closed by taking an offsetting position (i.e. taking a short position if you're long) in the same contract or by paying the opposite party the market value of the swap agreement.
A very bullish investment strategy that combines options to create a spread with limited loss potential and mixed profit potential. It is generally created by selling one call option and then using the collected premium to purchase a greater number of call options at a higher strike price. This strategy has potentially unlimited upside profit because the trader is holding more long call options than short ones. An investor using this strategy would sell fewer calls at a low strike price and buy more calls at a high strike price. The most common ratios used in this strategy are one short call combined with two long calls, or two short calls combined with three long calls. If this strategy is established at a credit, the trader stands to make a small gain if the price of the underlying decreases dramatically.
When the buyer of a call option exercises the option. In options trading, the buyer of a call option can exercise his or her right to purchase or sell the underlying asset (such as a stock) at the exercise price or strike price. Buyers of options can either exercise their right to buy the underlying security or they can let the option expire wothless. A call over can take place throughout the life of the option until the exercise cut-off time that falls on the last trading day prior to the option contract's expiration.
One of the four types of compound options, this is a call option on an underlying put option. If the option owner exercises the call option, he or she receives a put option, which is an option that gives the owner the right but not the obligation to sell a specific asset at a set price within a defined time period. The value of a call on a put changes in inverse proportion to the stock price, i.e. it decreases as the stock price increases, and increases as the stock price decreases. Also known as a split-fee option. A call on a put will have therefore two strike prices and two expiration dates, one for the call option and the other for the underlying put option. As well, there are two option premiums involved; the initial premium is paid upfront for the call option; the additional premium is only paid if the call option is exercised and the option owner receives the put option. The premium in this case would generally be higher than if the option owner had only purchased the underlying put option to begin with. For example, consider a U.S. company that is bidding on a contract for a European project; if the company's bid is successful, it would receive say 10 million euros upon project completion in one year's time. The company is concerned about the exchange risk posed to it by the weaker euro if it wins the project. Buying a put option on 10 million euros expiring in one year would involve significant expense for a risk that is as yet uncertain (since the company is not sure that it would be awarded the bid). Therefore, one hedging strategy the company could use would be to buy, for example, a two-month call on a one-year put on the euro (contract amount of 10 million euros). The premium in this case would be significantly lower than it would be if it had instead purchased the one-year put option on the 10 million euros outright. On the two-month expiry date of the call option, the company has two alternatives to consider. If it has won the project contract or is in a winning position, and still desires to hedge its currency risk, it can exercise the call option and obtain the put option on 10 million euros. Note that the put option will now have ten months (i.e. 12 - 2 months) left to expiry. On the other hand, if the company does not win the contract, or no longer wishes to hedge currency risk, it can let the call option expire unexercised and walk away.
An options or futures spread established by simultaneously entering a long and short position on the same underlying asset but with different delivery months. Sometimes referred to as an interdelivery, intramarket, time or horizontal spread. An example of a calendar spread would be going long on a crude oil futures contract with delivery next month and going short on a crude oil futures contract whose delivery is in six months.
An individual who calculates the value of a derivative or the amount owing from each party in a swap agreement. In most cases, a calculation agent will be a professional market maker. If more than one calculation agent has been chosen, they are referred to as co-calculation agents and have a shared responsibility.
An agreement between a buyer and seller whereby a commodity purchase occurs at a specific price above a futures contract for an identical grade and quantity. Also known as a call sale, this agreement gives the buyer the option to fix the price of the commodity by either purchasing a future from the seller or indicating to the seller a time in which the price of the transaction will be set. A buyer's call is used instead of buying the commodity on the spot market because of the possibility that its price will depreciate. Suppose, for example, I was in need of ten barrels of sweet crude today. I could purchase these barrels on the spot market for $50/barrel or enter into a buyer's call with an oil company that presently has the ten barrels but doesn't require them for another six months. By entering into the call, I would either offer to buy a six-month future contract for the oil company in exchange for the barrels of oil or offer to buy ten barrels of oil some point in the future at a fixed market price. The oil company is able to make a profit from my purchase while still obtaining their required amount of oil six months in the future. And I benefit from obtaining the oil today
A term used by many brokerages to represent the opening of a long position in option transactions. Investor can buy to open either (or a combination of) puts or calls, and thus will be holding the option(s) long. The distinguishing factor of a buy to open is that the option position is not held short in the account during the transaction.
登录
工商服务
危机公关
金融律师
app开发
财税服务
金融牌照
网站建设
知识产权
企业征信
审计评估