A procedure in securities or commodities trading where the executing broker places a trade on behalf of another broker as if he/she actually executed the trade. This is usually done because a broker is too busy to place a trade for a client and asks another broker to place the trade for him/her. On the record books, the trade will not show the executing broker's information, but the broker to whom the client belongs. Thus, the broker of the client and the broker on the other side of the trade will receive the commission, while the executing trader will get nothing. This is a grey area of law governing reimbursement of brokers for services (e.g. research). Pay close attention, here's how it works. Broker X gets a buy order from a client but is too busy to place the trade, so he asks Floor Broker Y, who isn't as busy, to place the order for him/her. Broker Y then buys the stock from Broker Z on behalf of Broker X's client. However, although Floor Broker Y places the trade, he must "give up" the transaction and record it as if Broker X placed the trade since the client belongs to him/her. Thus, the transaction is recorded as if X & Z made the trade, even though Floor Broker Y executed the trade.
An inventory profitability evaluation ratio that analyzes a firm's ability to turn inventory into cash above the cost of the inventory. It is calculated by dividing the gross margin by the average inventory cost and is used often in the retail industry. To illustrate: Gross margin return on investment is also know as the "gross margin return on inventory investment" (GMROII). This is a useful measure as it helps the investor, or management, see the average amount that the inventory returns above its cost. A ratio higher than 1 means the firm is selling the merchandise for more than what it costs the firm to acquire it. The opposite is true for a ratio below 1.For example, say a firm has a gross margin of $129,500 and an average inventory cost of $83,000. This firm's GMROI is 1.56, which means it earns revenues of 156% of costs.
An order to buy or sell a security or commodity at a certain price for a certain period of time, unless it is canceled or changed. Good through is a type of limit order that can be set as GTW (Good-This-Week), GTM (Good-This-Month), or for any other specified period of time.
An option to buy or sell gold bullion at a future date at a set price. The date (delivery date), quantity and price (strike price), are all predetermined. The option is just that, an option, and is therefore not an obligation on the part of the investor to either buy or sell the gold. An option is similar to a futures contract in that the price, date and amount are preset for both. The main difference between the two is that a futures contract is an obligation, or promise, made by the investor to uphold the contract whereas an option is not obligation.
Similar to the predictions of the Hubbert Curve, the Hubbert Peak Theory implies that maximum production from an oil reserve will occur towards the middle of the reserve life cycle. The theory suggests the production rate from a region follows a bell shaped pattern. The region can be a country or just a certain oilfield. Although the Hubbert Peak Theory has been most discussed in reference to the oil industry, the theory is also applicable to natural gas, coal, transition metals, precious metals and even water. Prior to natural resource extraction, a firm will often estimate the expected Hubbert Curve to gain insight into future production rates.
A statistical theory of oil production that states that the rate of extraction from a particular region follows a bell shaped curve. Initially, while there are minimum drilling operations the rate of production is limited. However, as infrastructure increases and larger portion of land are explored, resource production approaches peak production. Eventually, as the oil becomes depleted, extraction rates begin to slow down. The Hubbert curve characterizes the life cycle of a drilling operation. The predictions presented by the Hubbert Curve satisfy statistical constraints and are intuitively comprehensive. Technological improvements or estimated proven reserve changes realized during the production process can alter the shape of the curve.
An index composed of companies with high betas trading on the NYSE. Watch: Understanding Beta Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the market as a whole, and the high beta index takes account of those stocks considered to have higher volatilities.
A simplified derivative instrument that allows investors to hedge or speculate on economic events such as housing prices, commodity prices, interest rates, currencies and economic indicators. The price for a hedgelet contract is based on the prevailing market price determined by participants in the market. Every contract has the same defined payout scheme: $10 for a correct contract and $0 for an incorrect one. Each hedgelet contract is set so that investors must make a decision on whether an economic event will occur or not occur. For example, on a "Crude Oil > $64" contract an investor can either choose Yes (oil will be more than $64 at expiration) or No (oil will be less than $64 at expiration). If the investor purchases one Yes "Crude Oil > $64" contract for $2, and crude oil ends at $80 when the contract expires, the investor will receive $10 - an $8 profit. However, if the price of crude oil ends at less than $64, the contract will be worthless and the investor will lose the initial $2 investment.
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