A group of shareholders with a preference regarding how much a company will pay out in dividends, often for tax reasons. Dividend clientele usually make decisions regarding distributions based on which is most advantageous to them. Clientele groups are often dictated by age as well as income level. Older or retired investors tend to prefer higher dividend income than younger shareholders, who may prefer that the company use free cash flows to fund growth rather that distribute dividends. Ultimately, dividend clienteles tend to be growth-versus-income parties. The effects of dividend clientele on a company's stock price are somewhat controversial.
A general term referring to the strategy used by investors that open positions, either long or short, on the belief that they are able to correctly predict the movement of price in a security. Simple investing. If you think a security is going up, you buy, if you think the security is going down, you sell. This is directional trading, no complicated strategies.
A customer order where the customer gives specific instructions to the broker concerning the orders routing destination. In this automated era, clients can chose which exchange to have orders filled at. Talk to your broker about it.
A stockbroker that concentrates on speed and order execution - unlike a full-service broker that focuses on research and advice. Direct-access brokers usually use complicated computer software that allows clients to trade directly with an exchange or with other individuals via electronic communication networks (ECN). Direct-access brokers have become very popular among active traders because of their speedy transaction times, but other services such as streaming quotes, interactive charts, Level II Nasdaq quotes and other real-time features have also contributed to this success. These brokers have cut down their costs and increased efficiency by eliminating the role of the third party, which in turn allows them to charge a lower commission than traditional brokers.
A game-theory situation with several players. Similar to a prisoner’s dilemma, a diner’s dilemma occurs when several participants attempt to obtain the highest possible personal reward, but instead find themselves in an unfavorable situation. The diner's dilemma is based on a situation where several people agree to split the bill before going out to eat. By following a logical course of action, every member of the group finds him- or herself ordering dishes more expensive than what they would normally buy, and they all end up facing the outcome they tried to avoid: a more expensive meal. For example, prior to going out for dinner, Steve, Dave and Arthur decide that they will split the bill equally. Since the restaurant offers a wide mix of expensive and reasonably priced items, the three friends are faced with a tough decision. Arthur, who would not normally purchase the expensive items, figures that since his costs will be distributed between the other members, today he can afford to do so. Dave and Steve use the same logical reasoning. As a result, the three friends end up spending more money than they would have liked.
The European equivalent of the National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO). The EBBO refers to the current best prices available for selling or buying a trading instrument such as a stock. On any exchange, a series of price levels appear for both the buy and sell sides. The EBBO represents the best price that is available - the lowest price for a buy or the highest price for a sell. The EBBO continually updates the prices so the market participant's have fair access to the best prices. The EBBO guarantees that market participants have access to the best available prices at any given time. Where EBBO is supported, market participants' trade orders will be filled at or better than the EBBO price for a given trading instrument.
A mathematical measurement of the degree of uncertainty of a random variable. Entropy in this sense is essentially a measure of randomness. It is typically used by financial analysts and market technicians to determine the chances of a specific type of behavior by a security or market. Entropy has long been a source of study and debate by market analysts and traders. It is used in quantitative analysis, and can help predict the probability that a security will move in a certain direction or according to a certain pattern. Volatile securities have greater entropy than stable ones that remain relatively constant in price. The concept of entropy is explored in "A Random Walk Down Wall Street."
A calendar used by traders for the purpose of tracking the occurrence of market-moving events. Investors will research the date and time of a specific event and pay close attention to the announcement because of the high probability that it will affect the direction of the market. Traders in the foreign exchange market pay close attention to global events by using an economic calendar. By having the release schedule for each economic indicator, a trader can anticipate when major movements will happen. The most influential events include interest rate decisions, non-farm payroll numbers, and changes in gross domestic product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI). It’s important to note that there are several free resources available online that traders can use to help them determine the date/time of future market-moving events.
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