A survey by the Conference Board that measures how optimistic or pessimistic consumers are with respect to the economy in the near future. |||The idea is that if the consumers are optimistic, they will tend to purchase more goods and services. This increase in spending will inevitably stimulate the whole economy.
The currency abbreviation for the Nicaraguan córdoba (NIO), the currency for Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan córdoba is made up of 100 centavos (or cents) and is often presented with the symbol C$. The córdoba was named after Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, the founder of Nicaragua.The current córdoba is also known as the "córdoba oro". |||The Nicaraguan córdoba replaced the peso in March of 1912 at a rate of 12.5:1, making one córdoba equivalent to one U.S. dollar. After continued inflation lowered the value of the córdoba, a second córdoba replaced the first in 1988 at a rate of 1,000:1. The currency was revalued again in 1991, with the third córdoba replacing the second at a rate of 5 million:1.
The process of adding to one's portfolio in such a way that the risk/return tradeoff is worsened. Investors often achieve this by investing in a number of different mutual funds that have similar investment strategies within the same grouping of shares. A diversification strategy usually involves the accumulation of assets with negative correlations, which reduces risk and can increase potential returns by minimizing the negative effect of any one asset on portfolio performance. However, investing in too many assets with similar correlations will result in an averaging effect where risk is at its lowest level and additional assets reduce potential portfolio returns as well as the chances of outperforming a benchmark.
A pricing situation that occurs with a closed-end mutual fund when its market price is currently lower than the net asset value of its components. Discounts can occur in times where the market has a pessimistic future outlook and fund investors have started to sell their holdings. Also known as "discount to NAV". This phenomenon only occurs in closed-end funds. Open-end funds, on the other hand, are not as affected by supply and demand because they are bought and sold at prevailing net asset values.While a discount NAV could be an indication that the underlying assets in a fund will dip in value, it could also be a temporary market over-reaction. Moreover, the fund manager may decide to buy back shares of the fund to remove the discount and restore the fund's value back to its net asset value
A method of portfolio insurance in which the investor sets a floor on the dollar value of his or her portfolio, then structures asset allocation around that decision. The two asset classes used in CPPI are a risky asset (usually equities or mutual funds), and a riskless asset of either cash, equivalents or Treasury bonds. The percentage allocated to each depends on the "cushion" value, defined as (current portfolio value – floor value), and a multiplier coefficient, where a higher number denotes a more aggressive strategy. |||The investor will make a beginning investment in the risky asset equal to the value of:(Multiplier) x (cushion value in dollars)and will invest the remainder in the riskless asset. As the portfolio value changes over time, the investor will rebalance according to the same strategy. Consider a hypothetical portfolio of $100,000, of which the investor decides $90,000 is the absolute floor. If the portfolio falls to $90,000 in value, the investor would move all assets to cash to preserve capital.The value of the multiplier is based on the investor's risk profile, and is typically derived by first asking what the maximum one-day loss could be on the risky investment. The multiplier will be the inverse of that percentage. So, if one decides that 20% is the maximum "crash" possibility, the multiplier value will be (1/.20), or 5. Multiplier values between 3 and 6 are very common.based on the information provided, the investor would allocate 5 x ($100,000 - $90,000) or $50,000 to the risky asset, with the remainder going into cash or a riskless asset.The timetable for rebalancing is up to the investor, with monthly or quarterly being oft-cited examples. Ideally, the cushion value will grow over time, allowing for more money to flow into the risky asset. If, however, the cushion drops, the investor may need to sell a portion of the risky asset in order to keep the asset allocation targets intact.
A condition found in futures markets in which the spot price of underlying commodities is not close to the futures price of the same contract. A wide basis suggests that there is an abundant supply of or lack of demand for the underlying deliverable. This is used by investors in futures contracts as a signal to determine what action they should take in the futures market. The spot price and futures price should converge at maturity of the futures contract, otherwise there is an arbitrage opportunity.
1. The process of investing on an ongoing basis in a small but growing firm over a period of time. Essentially, a drip feed results in a startup company receiving capital contributions as the need for capital arises, rather than getting a lump sum capital contribution at the company's inception.2. The process of retail investors contributing small amounts of their savings to their investment pool on a periodic basis, such as $200/month, for example. 1. With this type of financing arrangement, startup firms operate with very little surplus capital; their financing needs are only contributed to by venture capitalists as the need for capital arises.2. Individual investors can benefit from this type of strategy: it reduces the risk of entering positions in overpriced securities, since the investments are spread out. This technique also moderately smooths market fluctuations for the investor, since he or she benefits from dollar-cost averaging (a fixed dollar contribution amount each month, for example, will result in more equity shares being purchased at low market prices than at high prices). Of course, as a trade-off for the safety of this added smoothness, investors sacrifice the potentially higher returns they might have seen if they had simply made a lump sum investment at low market prices.
An act of Congress enacted in 1977 with the intention of encouraging depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of surrounding communities (particularly low and moderate income neighborhoods). The CRA requires federal regulators to assess the record of each bank or thrift in helping to fulfill its obligations to the community. This record will then be used in evaluating applications for future approval of bank mergers, charters, acquisitions, branch openings and deposit facilities. |||Because the percentage of "CRA loans" that a mortgage lender originates or purchases in the secondary market is important, CRA loans tend to trade at a premium price in the secondary market. Generic packages of loans are frequently searched by traders looking to find overlooked individual CRA loans within the package which can be extracted and sold for a premium, independent of the entire package .
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