A business venture that ends up being a loss. The buzz word "dry hole" was originally used in oil exploration to describe a well where no significant reserves of oil were found. This term is now often used to describe any fruitless commercial initiative. Newer businesses often run at a net loss for the first few years (while acquiring one-time expenses such as equipment and buildings) before becoming profitable; however, these are not usually referred to as dry holes. A dry hole is typically thought to never be able to produce a profit.
A type of right given to shareholders of an acquired company (or a company facing major restructuring) that ensures they receive additional benefit if a specified event occurs. A contingent value right is similar to an option because it often has an expiration date that relates to the time the contingent event must occur. |||For example, shareholders of an acquired company may receive a CVR that enables them to receive additional shares of the target company in the event that target company's share price falls below a certain level by a specified date. Another example of a CVR would be for a target company to set aside a large sum of money that would be transferred to the shareholders of the acquired company in the event that the price of the target company's shares do not meet a certain target or fall below a specified price.
A fee (sales charge or load) that mutual fund investors pay when selling Class-B fund shares within a specified number of years of the date on which they were originally purchased.Also known as a "back-end load" or "sales charge". |||For mutual funds with share classes that determine when investors pay the fund's load or sales charge, Class-B shares carry a contingent deferred sales charge during a five- to 10-year holding period calculated from the time of the initial investment. The fee amounts to a percentage of the value of the shares being sold. It is highest in the first year of the specified period and decreases annually until the period ends, at which time it drops to zero. As a mutual fund investor, if you were to buy and hold Class-B fund shares until the end of the specified period, you could avoid paying this type of fund's sales charge, thereby enhancing your investment return. Unfortunately, fund research indicates that mutual fund investors are holding their funds, on average, for less than five years, which often triggers the application of a back-end sales charge in a Class-B share fund investment.
A person who uses statistics and mathematics to study, model and predict economic principles and outcomes. Econometricians use statistical measures and mathematical formulas to produce objective results in the study of economics. An econometrician is a type of economist who integrates statistics and mathematics into economic analysis. Econometricians use highly specialized math and statistics to generate quantifiable results. Individuals employed as econometricians typically have advanced degrees in statistics and/or economics, although some universities do offer specific degrees in econometrics.
A way that an investor in a mutual fund can qualify for lowered fees by totaling transactions in several funds from the same fund family to obtain a reduced fee. Generally, fees for investing in a mutual fund decrease as the amount that a person invests increases; therefore, if there is a required minimum investment that allows an investor to receive the fee discount, the investor can receive the discount without having to invest all of that minimum in the same fund. Investors can also qualify for lower fees by committing to make several investments in a fund over a defined period. If a mutual fund's fees are 4.5% for $5,000 invested, but 3.5% for $10,000 invested, the cumulative discount privilege means that you won't need to invest $10,000 in one fund to get the reduced fee. Instead, you can invest $10,000 in several different funds from the same fund family to get the rate. You can also set up an agreement to invest the $10,000 into the fund in smaller increments over an allotted amount of time. As long as you follow the agreement, you will be charged the lower fee.
A financial model that extends the concepts of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to include the amount that an individual or firm wishes to consume in the future. The CCAPM uses consumption measures, in terms of a consumption beta, in its calculation of a given investment's expected return. To illustrate: |||In its simplest form, the CCAPM differs from the CAPM by only the beta coefficient used in the calculation. The beta for consumption attempts to measure the covariance between an investor's ability to consume goods and services from investments, and the return from a market index. In practice, the CCAPM is used less frequently than the CAPM, and should probably only be used on a theoretical basis.
A cash-settled, short-term forward contract on a thinly traded or non-convertible foreign currency, where the profit or loss at the time at the settlement date is calculated by taking the difference between the agreed upon exchange rate and the spot rate at the time of settlement, for an agreed upon notional amount of funds. |||All NDFs have a fixing date and a settlement date. The fixing date is the date at which the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate and the agreed upon exchange rate is calculated. The settlement date is the date by which the payment of the difference is due to the party receiving payment.NDFs are commonly quoted for time periods of one month up to one year, and are normally quoted and settled in U.S. dollars. They have become a popular instrument for corporations seeking to hedge exposure to foreign currencies that are not internationally traded.
A post-bubble rally that becomes another, smaller bubble. The echo bubble usually occurs in the sector in which the preceding bubble was most prominent, but the echo is less dramatic. People point to the rally that occurred after the market crash of 1929 as an example of an echo bubble. Just like its more prominent predecessor, the smaller echo bubble eventually burst. Also, after the technology bubble that occurred at the turn of the 21st century - one of the biggest bubbles of all time - people believed that another echo bubble was on the way.
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