Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is the process of obtaining stranded oil not recovered from an oil reservoir through certain extraction processes. EOR uses methods including thermal recovery, gas injection, chemical injection and low-salinity water flooding. Although these techniques are expensive and not always effective, scientists are particularly interested in EOR's potential to increase domestic oil production. Also called "tertiary recovery." |||Thermal recovery uses heat to thin the oil to make it easier to extract and is popular in California. Gas injection, common throughout the United States, can either push out oil or thin it. CO2 EOR is considered the most promising technique. Chemical injection uses polymers or surfactants to improve oil flow and is not common in U.S. oil production.
A commodities exchange formed in 1979 for trading coffee, sugar and cocoa futures. The exchange has its roots in the 1882 Coffee Exchange, which added sugar in 1914 and cocoa in 1979. In 1998, the CSCE became a subsidiary of the New York Board of Trade, where it traded both futures and options. Since 2007, NYBOT has been a wholly-owned subsidiary of Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). The ICE operates several exchanges, trading platforms and clearing houses using an electronic trading platform. Coffee, sugar and cocoa are considered soft commodities because they are grown, not mined. Trading in soft commodities generally depends on supply and demand in markets just like hard commodity trading.
A government agency formed in 1977 as an advisor to the U.S. Department of Energy. The EIA is responsible for objectively collecting energy data, conducting analysis and making forecasts. EIA's reports contain information regarding important energy-related factors such as future energy inventories, demand and prices. Its data, analysis and reports are available online to both members of the public and the private sector. |||One of the most renowned reports published by the EIA is called This Week In Petroleum. This report is released every Wednesday and contains commentary regarding changes in inventory, demand and other data for crude oil and other petroleum products (such as gasoline, distillates and propane). Usually, when this report shows unexpected inventory changes in crude oil and gasoline, it causes a ripple effect across the market, increasing or decreasing what consumers pay at the gas pumps.
A combination of asset classes (such as cash, equity or bonds) used as an investment. A multi-asset class investment would contain more than one asset class, thus creating a group or portfolio of assets. The weights and types of classes will vary according to the individual investor. Also known as a multiple-asset class. Multi-asset class investments increase the diversification of an overall portfolio by distributing investments throughout several classes. This reduces risk (volatility) compared to holding one class of assets, but might also hinder potential returns.For example, a multi-asset class investor might hold bonds, stocks, cash and real property, whereas a single-class investor might only hold stocks. One asset class might outperform during a particular period of time, but historically no asset class will outperform during every period.
The value of a company as an ongoing entity. This value differs from the value of a liquidated company's assets, because an ongoing operation has the ability to continue to earn profit, while a liquidated company does not. This value includes the liquidation value of a company's tangible assets as well as the present value of its intangible assets (such as goodwill). The going-concern value is worked into the purchase price of a company, and is the main reason why the purchase price of a company tends to be higher than the current value of the assets of the company.For example, the liquidation value of Widget Corp. is $10 million. This sum represents the current value of inventory, buildings and other tangible assets that can be sold assuming that the company is completely liquidated. However, Widget Corp.'s going-concern value could very well be $60 million, as the company's reputation of being the world's leading widget producer and its ownership of patents and associated rights for widget production mean that the company should have a large steady stream of future cash flows.
The currency abbreviation for the Sudanese dinar (SDD), the currency for Sudan between June of 1992 and January of 2007. The Sudanese dinar was made up of 100 dirham and was often presented with the symbol LSd or £Sd. |||The Sudanese dinar was first issued in Sudan in 1992 when it replaced the Sudanese pound (SDP) at a rate of 1:10. The currency remained in circulation until it was replaced by a second Sudanese pound (SDG) in 2007 at a rate of 1:100.
A quarterly report from the U.S. Department of Labor that measures the growth of employees' compensation (wages and benefits). The index is based on a survey of employer payrolls in the final month of each quarter. The ECI tracks movement in the cost of labor, including wages, fringe benefits and bonuses for employees at all levels of a company. |||The idea behind analyzing ECI is that as wage pressures increase, so does inflation because compensation tends to increase before companies increase prices for consumers. Thus, it is considered inflationary when the ECI has an increasing trend or exhibits a jump that is higher than expected for a given period. In addition, as inflation increases, yields and interest rates also rise, resulting in a decrease in bond prices.
A term for a company that has the resources needed in order to continue to operate indefinitely. If a company is not a going concern, it means the company has gone bankrupt.Also known as "Going Concern Value". In other words, this refers to a company's ability to make enough money to stay afloat or avoid bankruptcy. For example, many dotcoms are no longer going concern companies.
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