A rating system that measures how often a fund loses money compared to the risk-free rate of return (T-bill return). A rating of 1 is considered average for each class of funds. So, if a mutual fund's risk rating is 1.25, then it is 25% more risky than the other funds in its class.
An incentive given to existing employees in hopes that they will decide to stay with the company. Employee stock options are an example of golden handcuffs. Often, much of the compensation received must be given back if the employee leaves for another company.
The currency abbreviation for the Singapore dollar (SGD), the currency of Singapore. The Singapore dollar is made up of 100 cents and is often presented with the symbol $ or S$ to set it apart from other dollar-based currencies. In Singapore, the dollar is also known as the "Sing". |||The Singapore dollar was first issued in 1965 after the breakdown of the monetary union between Malaysia and Brunei, but has remained interchangeable with the Brunei dollar. Exchange at par with the Malaysian ringgit ended in 1973.The value of the dollar was originally pegged to the British pound (GBP) at a rate of 60:7. In the early 1970s, this peg was moved to the U.S. dollar briefly before being pegged to a hidden basket of foreign currencies between 1973 and 1985. Since 1985, Singapore has allowed its dollar to float within an undisclosed range, which is monitored by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) protects the retirement assets of Americans by implementing rules that qualified plans must follow to ensure that plan fiduciaries do not misuse plan assets. |||ERISA also: 1. Requires plans to provide participants with important information about plan features and funding. The plan must furnish some information regularly and automatically. Some of this information is available free of charge.2. Sets minimum standards for participation, vesting, benefit accrual and funding. The law defines how long a person may be required to work before becoming eligible to participate in a plan, to accumulate benefits and to have a non-forfeitable right to those benefits. The law also establishes detailed funding rules that require plan sponsors to provide adequate funding for the plan. 3. Requires accountability of plan fiduciaries. ERISA generally defines a fiduciary as anyone who exercises discretionary authority or control over a plan's management or assets, including anyone who provides investment advice to the plan. Fiduciaries who do not follow the principles of conduct may be held responsible for restoring losses to the plan. 4. Gives participants the right to sue for benefits and breaches of fiduciary duty. 5. Guarantees payment of certain benefits if a defined plan is terminated through a federally chartered corporation, known as the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.6. Protects the plan from mismanagement and misuse of assets through its fiduciary provisions. This act was enacted to address irregularities in the administration of certain large pension plans - particularly the Teamsters Pension Fund, which had a rather colorful history involving questionable loans to certain Las Vegas casinos.
Any board of trade designated to trade a specific options or futures contract. Basically it's another word for "designated exchange". For example, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange is a contract market for S&P 500 Index options and futures contracts.
A restructuring strategy in which employees buy a majority stake in their own firms. This form of buyout is often done by firms looking for an alternative to a leveraged buyout. Companies being sold can be either healthy companies or ones that are in significant financial distress. |||For small firms, an employee buyout will often focus on the sale of the company's entire assets, while for larger firms, the buyout may be on a subsidiary or division of the company. The official way an employee buyout occurs is through an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). The buyout is complete when the ESOP owns 51% or more of the company's common shares.
An excessive dependence upon a specific tool to perform all sorts of functions. The golden hammer principle states that given a specific tool to use, all of the world looks like an appropriate place to use that tool. For example, a small child that is given a hammer may regard everything around him or her as a nail. The golden hammer is also known as Maslow's Hammer or the Law of the Instrument. It was first voiced by Abraham Kaplan in 1964 and then widely disseminated in Abraham Maslow's book "The Psychology of Science" in 1966. The idea has also been attributed to Mark Twain, despite the lack of evidence to that effect. In business, it refers to an overdependence on a tried and true strategy or instrument, when another approach may be more suitable.
An investment fund that holds the objective to earn interest for shareholders while maintaining a net asset value (NAV) of $1 per share. Mutual funds, brokerage firms and banks offer these funds. Portfolios are comprised of short-term (less than one year) securities representing high-quality, liquid debt and monetary instruments. A money market fund's purpose is to provide investors with a safe place to invest easily accessible cash-equivalent assets characterized as a low-risk, low-return investment. Because of their relatively low returns, investors, such as those participating in employer-sponsored retirement plans, might not want to use money market funds as a long-term investment option.
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