Hedging a position by using futures and options, thereby doubling the size of the hedge. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) considers double hedging to be a situation where a trader holds a long futures position in a commodity in excess of the speculative position limit to offset a fixed price sale, even though the trader has ample supplies of the commodity to honor all sales commitments. Increasing the size of a hedge to a level that is greater than the exposure faced by a firm or individual may take it into the realm of speculation. For example, an investor with a stock portfolio of $1 million who wishes to hedge downside risk in the broad market can do so by buying put options of a similar amount on the S&P 500. Double hedging would occur if the investor also initiates an additional short position in the S&P 500 using index futures contracts.
An agreed-upon value for a transaction in a country's medium of exchange, such as the dollar or peso. A standard of value allows all merchants and economic entities to set uniform prices for goods and services. This standard is necessary in order to maintain a stable economy. |||Historically, gold has been used as a standard of value in many countries. The U.S. went off the gold standard domestically in 1934 and internationally in 1971. A floating rate of currency exchange is now used instead.
A pricing situation that occurs when the stock value of a closed-end mutual fund is trading at a premium to the net asset value (NAV) of its components. The premium arises from the optimistic sentiment of investors toward the fund, which may be due to excellent management and investment strategies. only closed-end funds can trade at premiums or discounts to their net asset values. Open-end mutual funds are not affected by supply and demand because they are purchased and sold at their current NAVs.Because premiums are fueled by investor opinions, popular funds with successful past performances will be favorably valued. Similarly, new closed-end funds can often begin trading at a premium due to market optimism and hype. The premium represents the market's belief that the fund managers' continual ability to produce excess returns is a result of their superior market timing and stock selections.
A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named port alongside a vessel designated by the buyer. "Alongside" means that the goods are within reach of a ship's lifting tackle. When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier. |||Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance. The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms. It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
An informal expression used to describe a situation in which an investor or an economy is in a good financial position. More generally, it refers to being in the best of health or condition. Blue chip stocks and healthy economies are examples of in-the-pink (or rosy) financial positions.
An option with two distinct triggers that define the allowable range for the price fluctuation of the underlying asset. In order for the investor to receive a payout, one of two situations must occur; the price must reach the range limits (for a knock-in) or the price must avoid touching either limit (for a knock-out). A double barrier option is a combination of two dependent knock-in or knock-out options. If one of the barriers are reached in a double knock-out option, the option is killed. If one of the barriers are reached in a double knock-in option, the option comes alive.
A stockholder-owned, government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) chartered by Congress in 1970 to keep money flowing to mortgage lenders in support of homeownership and rental housing for middle income Americans. The FHLMC purchases, guarantees and securitizes mortgages to form mortgage-backed securities. The mortgage-backed securities that it issues tend to be very liquid and carry a credit rating close to that of U.S. Treasuries. Also known as "Freddie Mac". |||Freddie Mac has come under criticism because its ties to the U.S. government allows it to borrow money at interest rates lower than those available to other financial institutions. With this funding advantage, it issues large amounts of debt (known in the market place as agency debt or agencies), and in turn purchases and holds a huge portfolio of mortgages known as its retained portfolio. Many people believe that the size of the retained portfolio poses a great deal of systematic risk to the entire U.S.
The equivalent to 100,000 units of the quote currency in a forex trade. A standard lot is similar to trade size. It is one of the three commonly known lot sizes; the other two are mini-lot and micro-lot. |||A standard lot represents 100,000 units of any currency, whereas a mini-lot represents 10,000 and a micro-lot represents 1,000 units of any currency. A one-pip movement for a standard lot corresponds with a $10 change. For example, if you wish to buy 100,000 U.S. dollars, then you are buying a standard lot with 100,000 units as your trade size.
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