An order to buy or sell a security at a set price that is active until the investor decides to cancel it or the trade is executed. If an order does not have a good-'til-canceled instruction then the order will expire at the end of the trading day the order was placed. |||In most cases, GTC orders are canceled by brokerage firms after 30-90 days. This type of order is traditionally placed at price points away from the price of the stock at the time the order is placed. For example if a stock you hold is currently $40 but you believe it will go to $50 at which point you will sell then, you can use a GTC order. once the GTC order to sell is placed, if the price of the stock reaches $50 at any point over the next few months your shares will be sold.
A fee collected by an investment company from traders practicing mutual fund timing. This stiff penalty is used to discourage short-term, in-and-out trading of mutual fund shares. Generally, the fee is in effect for a holding period from 30 days to one year, but it can be in place for longer periods. Also referred to as an "exit fee", "back-end load" or "contingent deferred sales charge". Mutual fund timing is a legal but frowned-upon practice that has a negative effect on a fund's long-term investors. Mutual fund timing means that investors may be subjected to higher fees occasioned by the transaction costs of the short-term trading of fund shares. After the designated minimum holding period for an investment in a fund has elapsed, investors are not charged for redeeming shares of the investment. If incurred, redemption fees do not go to the investment company, but are credited to the fund's assets.
Junior debt is debt that is either unsecured or has a lower priority than of another debt claim on the same asset or property. It is a debt that is lower in repayment priority than other debts in the event of the issuer's default. Junior debt is usually an unsecured form of debt, meaning there is no collateral behind the debt. In the event that the issuing company goes out of business, the junior debt has a smaller probability of being paid back, either with money or with assets, since all higher-ranking debt will be given priority. Junior debt is also called subordinated debt, due to its position in the debt hierarchy. One common junior debt is the seconds mortgage which ranks behind the first mortgage and has a lesser claim in the event of default.
A fence or collar is an option strategy that establishes a trading band around a security or commodity, generally to protect profits. One form of a fence involves the sale of an out-of-the-money call option on an underlying security; all or part of the premium thus received is used to buy a protective out-of-the money put on the security. Both the call and the put have the same expiration date. The call option establishes a ceiling price for the security, while the put option establishes a floor price for it, effectively 'fencing' in the option. A widely used variant of this option strategy involves a "costless collar," where the premium received through the sale of the call roughly equals the premium paid for the purchase of the put. The cost of protection in this case is therefore zero. For example, an investor who wishes to construct a fence or collar around a stock in the portfolio that is trading at $50 could sell a call with a strike price of $53, and buy a put with a strike price of $47, both with, say, three months to expiration. If the premium received from the sale of the $53 call equals the premium paid for the $47 put, this would be a "costless collar", and "fence" in potential losses and profits.
The process of changing the class of mutual funds once certain requirements have been met. These requirements are generally placed on load mutual funds. Reclassification is not considered to be a taxable event. Sometimes mutual fund companies will decide to issue more than one series of similar mutual funds. Each series has different features and durations, and when the restrictions expire, they become reclassified to the fund with no restrictions. Suppose that a company issues two mutual funds. Fund A is a no load fund, while Fund B is a five-year, back-end load fund. After five years, when there is no longer a load structure, Fund B will then be reclassified to fund A.
A composite index of commodity sector returns which represents a broadly diversified, unleveraged, long-only position in commodity futures. |||Similar to the Standard & Poor's 500 index, the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (GSCI) provides a reliable and publicly accessible investment performance benchmark. The index's components qualify for inclusion in the index based on liquidity measures and are weighted in relation to their global production levels - a characteristic which helps make the GSCI valuable as both an economic indicator and a commodities market benchmark.
The idea that movements in a time series tend to be part of larger trends and cycles more often than they are completely random. The Joseph Effect is quantified by the Hurst component, where movements fall between a Hurst range of 0 to 1. The term was coined by Benoit Mandelbrot. If a series of movements is calculated to be between 0 and 0.5 in the Hurst range, then the movement is larger and more random than what are thought to be normal random movements. If the measure is 0.5, then the movements are thought to be random movements. If it is between 0.5 and 1, the movements are thought to be part of a long-term trend. The term "Joseph Effect" alludes to an Old Testament story about Joseph, where Egypt would experience seven years of feast followed by seven years of famine.
The exchange rate risk associated with the time delay between entering into a contract and settling it. The greater the time differential between the entrance and settlement of the contract, the greater the transaction risk, because there is more time for the two exchange rates to fluctuate. |||Transaction risk creates difficulties for individuals and corporations dealing in different currencies, as exchange rates can fluctuate significantly over a short period of time. This volatility is usually reduced, or hedged, by entering into currency swaps and other similar securities.
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