An investment method in which a retail investor periodically invests (at its discretion) relatively small amounts of funds into a mutual fund, building a large position over an extended period. By investing savings into a mutual fund gradually over time with a voluntary accumulation plan, an investor can build a large investment at his or her own pace. Contributions are voluntary, although common practice is to invest a fixed amount at specified intervals. By spreading the contributions over a period of time, investors reap the benefits of dollar-cost averaging, as the fixed contributions will buy more shares of a mutual fund when its price is low than when it is high.
A self-regulatory organization and trade association originally located in Zürich, Switzerland, that encourages systematic and compliant trading in the international securities market. It also promotes the development of the Euromarkets and is acknowledged as a designated investment exchange by the Financial Services Authority, which regulates the financial services industry in the U.K. |||ISMA helped to establish standardized trading procedures in the international bond market. It had 430 members in 49 different countries, representing all of the major securities firms active in the secondary international debt market. In July 2005, the ISMA and International Primary Market Association merged to become the International Capital Market Association.
A code that uniquely identifies a specific securities issue. The organization that allocates ISINs in any particular country is the country's respective National Numbering Agency (NNA). |||All internationally traded securities issuers are urged to use this numbering scheme, which is now the accepted standard by virtually all countries. The United States and Canada primarily use a similar scheme known as a CUSIP number.
A slang term for an intermediary in a transaction or process chain. A middleman will facilitate interaction between parties, typically for a commission or fee. Some critics say that businesses and customers should try to "cut out the middleman" by dealing directly with each other, avoiding any increased costs or commissions. In the supply chain, a middleman may represent a distributor who purchases goods from the manufacturer and sells them to a retailer, often at an increased price. Sales people are often considered middlemen, such as real estate agents who match homebuyers with sellers.
经常帐户赤字 Occurs when a country's total imports of goods, services and transfers is greater than the country's total export of goods, services and transfers. This situation makes a country a net debtor to the rest of the world. A substantial current account deficit is not necessarily a bad thing for certain countries. Developing counties may run a current account deficit in the short term to increase local productivity and exports in the future.
An investment fund that manages money from investors seeking private equity stakes in startup and small- and medium-size enterprises with strong growth potential. These investments are generally characterized as high-risk/high-return opportunities. Theoretically, venture capital funds give individual investors the ability to get in early at a company's startup stage or in special situations in which there is opportunity for explosive growth. In the past, venture capital investments were only accessible to professional venture capitalists. While a fund structure diversifies risk, these funds are inherently risky.
A technique for calculating termination payments when a swap is ended early. The indemnification method requires the responsible counterparty to compensate the nonresponsible counterparty for all losses and damages caused by the early termination. This method was common when swaps were first developed, but was considered inefficient because it did not actually quantify, or describe how to quantify, the losses and damages from a prematurely terminated swap. Today, the agreement value method, which is based on the terms and interest rates available for a replacement swap, is the most widely used method for calculating termination payments. Another, less-common alternative is the formula method. A swap may be terminated early if either counterparty experiences an event of default, such as bankruptcy or failure to pay, or a termination event, such as an illegality, tax event, tax event upon merger or credit event.
A global cooperative of securities regulatory agencies that aims to establish and maintain worldwide standards for efficient, orderly and fair markets. The stated goals of the IOSCO are to:-Promote high standards of regulation for the sake of orderly and efficient markets-Share information with exchanges and assist assist them with technical and operational issues-Establish standards toward monitoring global investment transactions across borders and markets |||The IOSCO currently operates in more than 100 jurisdictions, covering more than 90% of the world's markets, and is considered to be the source for global standards of market operation. In 1998, it approved the IOSCO Principles, which set the benchmark for securities markets worldwide. The IOSCO has since released a methodology for how to achieve those benchmarks. The IOSCO's work has been praised at the highest levels of government, especially in the aftermath of 9/11, as transactions between different countries became something that required increased scrutiny and regulatory control.
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