The rate at which the vomma of an option will react to volatility in the underlying market. It is the third order derivative of the option value with respect to volatility, or the derivative of vomma with respect to the derivative of volatility. Ultima is part of the group of measures known as the "Greeks" (other measures include delta, gamma and vega) which are used in options pricing. Ultima is useful to investors who are making options trades and take the vomma and vega into consideration, especially when implementing exotic options which may change format over the period of maturity. This metric is one of the inputs utilized in the Black-Scholes model.
An event that occurs when the contracts for stock index futures, stock index options and stock options all expire on the same day. Triple witching days happen four times a year on the third Friday of March, June, September and December. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as "freaky Friday". The final trading hour for that Friday is the hour known as triple witching. The markets are quite volatile in this final hour, as traders quickly offset their option/futures orders before the closing bell. If you are a long-term investor, triple witching will have a minimal impact on you.
A method of managing risk in options trading by establishing a hedge against the implied volatility of the underlying asset. A vega neutral option position will be not be sensitive to volatility fluctuations. These strategies are used to hedge against the risks of price sensitivity, second-order time price sensitivity and time sensitivity, respectively. A vega neutral portfolio is still subject to risk. For example, in a portfolio of options maturing at different times, changes in volatility over time can dramatically affect total returns, making the portfolio sensitive to time vega. Furthermore, if the assumptions used to establish a position turn out to be incorrect, a position that is intended to be neutral can actually be risky. Vega is one of the "options Greeks" along with delta, gamma, rho and theta. These are used to measure different types of risk in options portfolios. Other options risk-management positions include delta neutral, gamma neutral and theta neutral.
An option strategy in which an investor holds a long position in the underlying asset and writes multiple call options at varying strike prices. Variable ratio writes have limited profit potential because the trader is only looking to capture the premiums paid for the call options. This strategy is best used on stocks with limited volatility. In ratio call writing, the ratio represents the number of options sold for every 100 shares owned in the underlying stock. This strategy is similar to a ratio call write, but instead of writing at-the-money calls, the trader will write both in the money and out of the money calls. For example, in a 2:1 variable ratio write, the trader will be long 100 shares of the underlying stock. Two calls are written: one is out of the money and one is in the money. The payoff in a variable ratio write resembles that of a reverse strangle.
A type of option that ceases to exist when the price of its underlying asset has reached a pre-specified price level. This is a form of an exotic option. The prices of these options tend to be lower than "vanilla options" as the ability to exercise the option is limited.
1. The condition of a call option when its strike price is higher than the market price of the underlying stock. 2. The condition of a put option when its strike price is lower than the market price of the underlying stock. Also known as "out of the money." An underwater option would be worthless if it expired today.
1. In derivatives, the security that must be delivered when a derivative contract, such as a put or call option, is exercised. 2. In equities, the common stock that must be delivered when a warrant is exercised, or when a convertible bond or convertible preferred share is converted to common stock. The price of the underlying is the main factor that determines prices of derivative securities, warrants and convertibles. Thus, a change in an underlying results in a simultaneous change in the price of the derivative asset that is linked to it. In most cases, the underlying is a security such as a stock (in the case of options) or a commodity (in the case of futures).
An underlying option security is the financial instrument on which a derivative's (i.e., an option's) value is based – it provides the price that is used to determine the value of the derivative. An option is classified as a derivative because its value is derived from the underlying security. An option holder has the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a particular instrument at a specified price and date in the future.
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