The ways in which people try to optimize their lifetime standard of living by ensuring a proper balance of spending and saving during the different phases of their life. Those who overspend and put off saving for retirement to enjoy a higher standard of living often have to work longer or reduce their standard of living in retirement. Those who over save will live a more frugal lifestyle while working to enjoy a better lifestyle while retired. In each case, the overall standard of living is less than optimal. Saving for retirement is a delicate balancing act. By having a a better understanding of the saving and spending requirements to smooth out standard of living, one can have a a better overall standard of living, at least in theory. But this is easier said than done, and striking this balance is one of the major challenges of financial planning.
An individual who has earned an appraisal designation from a professional appraiser organization, or has met minimum education and experience requirements in the subject matter in which he or she issues appraisals. A qualified appraiser performs appraisals on a regular basis, and receives compensation for his or her work. The professional must not be prohibited from practicing before the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Qualified appraisers are required by the IRS to appraise any piece of property valued at $5,000 or more on which a taxpayer requests a tax deduction. Because qualified appraisers are more experienced and knowledgeable about a particular type of property, the IRS uses them in order to ensure that the taxpayer is not overstating the value of the donated property. A qualified appraiser must perform an appraisal based on generally accepted appraisal standards.
A circumstance in which the court declares an individual unable to take care of legal matters and appoints another individual, known as a conservator, to do so. This is sometimes referred to as "LPS Conservatorship". The LPS stands for Lanterman, Petris and Short - the three senators who passed California's mental health conservatorship laws.
An adverse health condition that confines an individual to his or her home or a medical facility such as a hospital or nursing home. Health insurance policy rates take note of individual records and family records of historic confining conditions. Confining conditions are often used in health insurance plans as a breakpoint for coverage. Some plans will not reimburse for treatments and/or procedures until a specific medical condition has become a confining condition.
A federal income tax designation that allows a taxpayer to claim as a dependent someone for whom he or she provided considerable financial support during the tax year. Claiming a qualifying relative as a dependent will allow the taxpayer to take an additional exemption, which will reduce his taxable income, dollar for dollar. The IRS requires four tests to be passed for a person to be classified as a qualifying relative. They must not be a qualifying child; they must live in the taxpayer's household (but certain types of relatives, including children, siblings, parents, grandparents, nieces, nephews, aunts, uncles, certain in-laws and certain step-relatives are not required to live in the household); must have had a gross income of less than $3,650 (in 2009), and must have received more than half of their financial support for the year from the taxpayer. A qualifying relative can be any age. IRS Publication 501 provides details about meeting the qualifying relative tests.
A traditional IRA that holds only assets that were distributed from a qualified plan. Typically, the intention of using this type of plan is to store assets until they can be rolled into a new employer's qualified plan. Should any other assets be commingled with the assets in a conduit IRA, the IRA will lose its conduit status and the assets are no longer eligible for capital gains and forward averaging tax treatments. There is no limit on the contributions transferred to a conduit IRA.
An investment purchased with pretax income. Money invested in a qualifying investment trust, annuity or plan is exempt from income taxes until it is withdrawn. These sorts of investments are tax-deferred, because the money invested in them is taxed at withdrawal only. Some types of investments that may qualify for tax-deferred status are investment plans, annuities, stocks, bonds, IRAs, RRSPs and certain types of trusts.
A retirement plan in which a certain amount or percentage of money is set aside each year by a company for the benefit of the employee. There are restrictions as to when and how you can withdraw these funds without penalties. There is no way to know how much the plan will ultimately give the employee upon retiring. The amount contributed is fixed, but the benefit is not.
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