The process of converting one currency to another, converting it again to a third currency and, finally, converting it back to the original currency within a short time span. This opportunity for riskless profit arises when the currency's exchange rates do not exactly match up. Triangular arbitrage opportunities do not happen very often and when they do, they only last for a matter of seconds. Traders that take advantage of this type of arbitrage opportunity usually have advanced computer equipment and/or programs to automate the process. As an example, suppose you have $1 million and you are provided with the following exchange rates: EUR/USD = 0.8631, EUR/GBP = 1.4600 and USD/GBP = 1.6939. With these exchange rates there is an arbitrage opportunity: Sell dollars for euros: $1 million x 0.8631 = 863,100 eurosSell euros for pounds: 863,100/1.4600 = 591,164.40 poundsSell pounds for dollars: 591,164.40 x 1.6939 = $1,001,373 dollars $1,001,373 - $1,000,000 = $1,373From these transactions, you would receive an arbitrage profit of $1,373 (assuming no transaction costs or taxes).
When a company's total share value is less than its cash minus debts. In other words, the market capitalization is less than the amount of actual cash a company has on hand. There's an old saying: "even a palace isn't worth much if it's on fire," meaning that a company's cash reserves aren't nearly as important as how fast the money is being spent (the burn rate).
A slang term used when markets are reaching highs that are unstable, and therefore a decline can be expected. In the U.S. the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Nasdaq and the S&P500 are all used to gauge the overall market. The term "toppy" is used when these indexes are rising, but there is analyst sentiment indicating a potential decline. The market moves in cycles along with the economy. The indexes (representing the stock market) will climb to new highs then fall back down. The fall is known as many things such as a pullback, a dip or a retracement. Before this fall, analysts use the term "toppy," meaning that the market is reaching a top and might come back down.
The rate at which the group of leading companies, whether in industries or in market indexes, changes over time. This phenomenon is usually attributed to increased global competition and technology, although the existence of a topple rate is generally considered a healthy part of an advanced economy. According to a study entitled "Extreme Competition" (2005), which appeared in The McKinsey Quarterly in 2005, the topple rate (as measured by membership in the S&P 500) doubled in the 20-year period from 1975-1995. This effect is especially prevalent in technology businesses because new cutting-edge technology is emerging continually.
A written advertisement placed by investment bankers in a public offering of a security. It gives basic details about the issue and, in order of importance, the underwriting groups involved in the deal. This advertisement gets its name from its black border and heavy black print. The tombstone provides investors with "bare bones" information, usually directing prospective investors to where they can find a red herring/prospectus.In practice, the tombstone is sometimes made after the issue has been sold.
A purchase of less than 5% of a target company's outstanding stock made by an acquiring company. Companies are free to purchase up to less than 5% of any company. But once a company purchases 5% or more of another company, the acquirer must file with the SEC and explain to the target firm in writing the reason for the purchase of 5% or more of its stock.
The 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury. Geithner was appointed by President Barack Obama and confirmed by a 60-34 Senate vote. He took office on January 26, 2009. The Secretary of the Treasury is the principal economic advisor to the president and is responsible for reccomending direction for domestic and international fiscal policy. A graduate of Johns Hopkins University and Dartmouth College, Geithner is perhaps best known for his efforts in getting a series of government bailouts and stimulus spending programs passed. Even before his role with the federal government, Geithner arranged the rescue and sale of Bear Stearns in 2008 and, later that same year, supported his predecessor, Henry Paulson, in the decision to save American International Group from bankruptcy.
An asset that cannot easily be sold or exchanged for cash without a substantial change in price. Thinly-traded securities in the financial markets are exchanged in low volumes and often have a limited number of interested buyers and sellers, which can often lead to volatile changes in price when a transaction does occur.Also known as illiquid. The stock prices of small unknown publically traded companies are deemed to be thinly traded. The lack of ready buyers and sellers generally leads to large discrepancies between the asking price and the bidding price. Thinly-traded securities are usually more risky than liquid assets because a small number of market participants can have such a large impact on the price.
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