A market indicator used to determine volatility levels in the market without factoring in price direction. It is calculated by taking the absolute value of the difference between the number of advancing issues and the number of declining issues. Typically, large numbers suggest volatility is increasing, which is likely to cause significant changes in stock prices in the coming weeks. |||This tool is classified as a breadth indicator because the advancing/declining values are the only values used to create it. This index can be calculated using any exchange or a subset of an exchange, but traditionally the New York Stock Exchange has been the accepted standard.
An option to buy or sell gold bullion at a future date at a set price. The date (delivery date), quantity and price (strike price), are all predetermined. The option is just that, an option, and is therefore not an obligation on the part of the investor to either buy or sell the gold. An option is similar to a futures contract in that the price, date and amount are preset for both. The main difference between the two is that a futures contract is an obligation, or promise, made by the investor to uphold the contract whereas an option is not obligation.
The currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Korean won (KRW), the former currency for Korea. The won was made up of 100 chon and is often presented with the symbol (__). No banknotes denominated in won were ever issued. |||The won was first seen in 1902, replacing the yang. It appeared in the form of coins of various denominations which were equal to the Japanese yen, which along with the Korean yen replaced this currency in 1910.
A period in which prices of stocks increase during a bear market. A bear market rally is usually a short-lived market increase following a period of market decline and is followed by another period of market decline leading to a pronounced down trend. Although there are no official guidelines for a bear market rally, it is sometimes defined as an overall market increase of 10-20% during an overall bear market. There are many examples of bear market rallies in modern stock market history, including the bear market rally of the Dow Jones following the stock market crash of 1929, which eventually saw a bottoming out in 1932.
Formerly known as the American Association of Retired Persons, AARP is the nation's leading organization for people age fifty and older. Founded in 1958 by retired educator Dr. Ethel Percy Andrus, it is a nonprofit, nonpartisan association with a membership of 40 million. It provides information, education, research, advocacy and community services through a nationwide network of local chapters and experienced volunteers. It focuses its work on consumer issues, economic security, work, health and independent living issues, and engages in legislative, judicial and consumer advocacy in these areas. |||AARP is considered a powerful lobbying group as well as a successful business, selling insurance, investment funds and other financial products. It is also an independent publisher, offering Modern Maturity magazine and the monthly AARP Bulletin.
Similar to the predictions of the Hubbert Curve, the Hubbert Peak Theory implies that maximum production from an oil reserve will occur towards the middle of the reserve life cycle. The theory suggests the production rate from a region follows a bell shaped pattern. The region can be a country or just a certain oilfield. Although the Hubbert Peak Theory has been most discussed in reference to the oil industry, the theory is also applicable to natural gas, coal, transition metals, precious metals and even water. Prior to natural resource extraction, a firm will often estimate the expected Hubbert Curve to gain insight into future production rates.
The existence of high start-up costs or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily entering an industry or area of business. Barriers to entry benefit existing companies already operating in an industry because they protect an established company's revenues and profits from being whittled away by new competitors. Barriers to entry can exist as a result of government intervention (industry regulation, legislative limitations on new firms, special tax benefits to existing firms, etc.), or they can occur naturally within the business world. Some naturally occurring barriers to entry could be technological patents or patents on business processes, a strong brand identity, strong customer loyalty or high customer switching costs.
In a family of multi-class mutual funds, this is the class that is usually characterized by a loaded fee structure. Class A mutual fund units will commonly have a front- or rear-end load, to compensate for the sales person's commission. Not all fund companies follow this class structure; however, it is the prominent method of distinction. |||Typically, the class A fund has a lower management expense ratio compared to the other classes within the same family. This is due to the load that is added to the acquisition cost, or redemption.
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