Any type of investment, account or plan that is either exempt from taxation, tax-deferred or offers other types of tax benefits. Examples of Tax-Advantaged investments are municipal bonds, partnerships, UITs and annuities. Tax-advantaged plans include IRAs and qualified plans. Tax-advantaged investments and accounts are used by a wide variety of investors and employees in various financial situations. High-income taxpayers seek tax-free municipal bond income, while employees save for retirement with IRAs and employer-sponsored retirement plans. Selecting the proper type of tax-advantaged accounts or investments depends on an investor's financial situation.
A socioeconomic term used to describe persons in a social class marked by jobs that provide low pay, require limited skill and/or physical labor, and have reduced education requirements. Unemployed persons or those supported by a social welfare program are often included in this group. While "working class" is typically associated with manual labor and limited education, blue collar workers are vital to every economy. Karl Marx described the working class as the "proletariat", and that it was the working class who ultimately created the goods and provided the services that created a society's wealth.
The percentage of a worker's pre-retirement income that is paid out by a pension program upon retirement. In pension systems where workers get substantially different payouts due to their differing incomes, replacement rate is a common measurement which can be used to determine the effectiveness of the pension system. In some cases, workers can use replacement rates to help estimate what their retirement income might be from the plan. Replacement rates are commonly mentioned in the debate over the U.S. Social Security system. Under the current Social Security law (as of 2010), replacement rates are at about 45% for the average worker. The replacement rate can allow for individuals to plan for retirement. For example, a worker with pre-retirement income of $100,000 their can estimate their pension at around $45,000 at the current 45% replacement rate.
A measure of the total costs associated with managing and operating an investment fund such as a mutual fund. These costs consist primarily of management fees and additional expenses such as trading fees, legal fees, auditor fees and other operational expenses. The total cost of the fund is divided by the fund's total assets to arrive at a percentage amount, which represents the TER: More often referred to as "expense ratio". |||The size of the TER is important to investors, as the costs come out of the fund, affecting investors' returns. For example, if a fund generates a return of 7% for the year but has a TER of 4%, the 7% gain is greatly diminished (to roughly 3%).
1. The difference between before-tax and after-tax wages. The tax wedge measures how much the government receives as a result of taxing the labor force.2. A measure of the market inefficiency that is created when a tax is imposed on a product or service. The tax causes the supply and demand equilibrium to shift, creating a wedge of dead weight losses. 1. The tax wedge is the difference between what employees take home in earnings and what it costs to employ them, or the dollar measure of the income tax rate. In some countries, the tax wedge increases as employee income increases. This reduces the marginal benefit of working therefore employees will often work less hours than they would if no tax was imposed. Some argue that the tax wedge on investment income will also reduce savings, create less innovation, and ultimately lowers living standards.2. By having a tax wedge the inefficiency will cause the consumer to pay more and the producer to receive less. This is due to higher equilibrium prices paid by consumers and lower equilibrium quantities sold by producers.
The person who receives the principal remaining in a trust account after all other required payments have been made, such as those to the beneficiary and expenses. The remainder man may exercise the right to hold and use the property in the trust only after the trust has been completely dissolved.
Slang to describe when the market has a strong and quick upward movement. For example, you'll hear "the market has a woody," when the market is performing well... seriously, we don't make this stuff up.
The use by a company of the losses it sustained in previous years to offset taxes on the profits it achieves in future years. Individuals can also use a tax umbrella so that their investment losses in previous years offset their investment gains in future years. A tax umbrella takes advantage of a tax law provision to reduce tax liability. Businesses and individuals are limited in how much of a loss they can use to offset taxes in any given year. Any loss that is left over can be used to offset taxes on gains in future years. A tax umbrella is also known as a tax loss carryforward.
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