A method of withdrawing funds from an annuity account by which the annuitant withdraws funds from the account in specified amounts for a specified payment frequency. The annuitant is not guaranteed lifelong payments as he or she is with the standard annuitization method. With the systematic withdrawal schedule, the annuitant chooses instead to withdraw funds from his or her account until it is emptied, bearing the risk that the funds become depleted before he or she dies. This method of fund withdrawal from an annuity, by not guaranteeing a lifelong income stream for the annuitant, places the risk of a longer-than-expected lifespan on the shoulders of the annuitant instead of on the insurance company offering the annuity. An annuitant choosing this withdrawal method instead of the annuitization method would not be limited to a small amount of funds every month, and could in fact remove his or her funds from the account relatively quickly, should he or she desire to do so.
Any income that comes from investments and other sources unrelated to employment services. Examples of unearned income include interest from a savings account, bond interest, tips, alimony, and dividends from stock. As long as this income is "realized" then it is taxable.
A contract between a group of investment bankers who form an underwriting group or syndicate, and the issuing corporation of a new securities issue. The underwriting agreement contains the details of the transaction, including the underwriting group's commitment to purchase the new securities issue, the price that the underwriting group will pay to the issuing corporation and the initial resale price. The underwriting agreement can be considered the contract between a corporation issuing a new securities issue and the underwriting group that has agreed to purchase and then resell the issue for a profit. The purpose of the underwriting agreement is to ensure that all of the players understand their responsibility in the process, thus minimizing potential conflict.
A business that is operated out of a business owner's residence and can be located in an established office within the residence. A small office/home office is considered a microenterprise since it typically has fewer than ten employees and is categorized one notch below a "small business." Traditionally, SOHOs are focused on white-collar jobs. Prior to the proliferation of larger-scale businesses during the 19th century, most businesses would be categorized as SOHO. Entrepreneurs running this type of office include lawyers, consultants and freelancers who might not require a formal office to meet clients. Because a SOHO operates out of a home, some tax issues are treated differently by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
A charge levied against an investor for the early withdrawal of funds from an insurance or annuity contract, or for the cancellation of the agreement. Surrender fees act as an economic incentive for investors to maintain their contract, and they allow the insurance company to have reasonable expectations for the frequency of early withdrawals.Also referred to as a "surrender charge". Surrender fees vary among insurance companies and among annuity and insurance contracts, but a typical annuity surrender fee could be set as a 10% (of the funds contributed to the contract) charge levied for withdrawal in the first year. For each successive year of the contract, the surrender fee could drop by 1%, for example, effectively giving the annuitant the option of no-penalty withdrawal after 10 years in the contract.
A method of collecting income tax in which the taxes paid increase with the amount of earned income. The driving principle behind vertical equity is the notion that those who are more able to pay taxes should contribute more than those who are not. The two main types of vertical equity are proportional and progressive taxation. In proportional taxation, the amount of taxes paid increases directly with income. For example, a 5% increase in earnings will cause a 5% increase in taxes. Progressive taxation includes tax brackets, where people pay taxes based on the tax bracket into which their income places them. Each tax bracket will have a different tax rate, with higher income brackets paying the highest percentages.
A futures contract with an underlying of one particular stock, usually in batches of 100. No transmission of share rights or dividends occur. Behaving exactly like a futures contract, an SSFs give investors increased capabilities to leverage themselves within the market. Additionally, these products, unlike most options, can be traded on margin.
A non-qualified retirement plan for key company employees, such as executives, that provides benefits above and beyond those covered in other retirement plans such as IRA, 401(k) or NQDC plans. There are many different kinds of SERPs available to companies wishing to ensure their key employees are able to maintain their current standards of living in retirement. SERPs are also known as "top hat plans". Unlike NQDC plans, in which key employees defer compensation in order to receive it later, SERPs are entirely funded by the employer. Because of the high costs associated with funding SERPS, they are criticized by shareholder advocates and labor groups that believe some executives are overpaid for their performance.
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