A swap agreement created through the synthesis of two swaps differing in duration for the purpose of fulfilling the specific time-frame needs of an investor. Also referred to as a "forward start swap," "delayed start swap," and a "deferred start swap." For example, if an investor wants to hedge for a five-year duration beginning one year from today, this investor can enter into both a one-year and six-year swap, creating the forward swap that meets the needs of his or her portfolio. Sometimes swaps don't perfectly match the needs of investors wishing to hedge certain risks.
A parity condition stating that the difference in interest rates between two countries is equal to the expected change in exchange rates between the countries’ currencies. If this parity does not exist, there is an opportunity to make a profit."i1" represents the interest rate of country 1"i2" represents the interest rate of country 2"E(e)" represents the expected rate of change in the exchange rate |||For example, assume that the interest rate in America is 10% and the interest rate in Canada is 15%. According to the uncovered interest rate parity, the Canadian dollar is expected to depreciate against the American dollar by approximately 5%. Put another way, to convince an investor to invest in Canada when its currency depreciates, the Canadian dollar interest rate would have to be about 5% higher than the American dollar interest rate.
什么是经营模拟训练法[1] 经营模拟训练法是一种新的经营管理教学方法。它将整个竞争市场的模型设定在一个经营盘上，让企业经营研究者仿佛置身于一场企业同行间的决战。在推测中，了解竞争对手的战略，战术以及近期的发展目标，是检验和训练经营管理者的最佳方法。 在具体实施经营模拟训练法时，每6个人为一组，设两组。组内的每一个人均以公司经营者身份参加，这两组的成员分别为同行竞争对手。在经营模拟过程中，他们各自从市场购入原料，有效地应用生产设备，技术和人力资源从事生产，再把产品进行销售。在整个产销过程中，要求经营者对生产，行销，财务，人事等方面作整体性的考虑，并对经营结果负责。由于模拟训练的双方为竞争对手，因此，有如在真实的竞争市场中经营，使训练者切身体会到在竞争环境中，如何运用整体性的策略从事有计划的经营。 经营模拟训练法的形式[1] 经营模拟训练法分硬件和软件训练两种。 1、硬件训练，是把整个竞争市场的有关情况制作成模型，分别设定在一个经营盘上，配合决策牌，战略棋及颜色管理以显示竞争市场上生产，销售等功能，以备经营者分析和制定对策。 硬件训练具有真实感和临场感的效果，使经营者得到现场锻炼的机会。 2、软件训练，分财务报表和战略会议训练。财务报表，是把经营者的经营结果记入各类报表，以利于指导者和训练者作经营分析与决策。它主要有：资金流动表、盈亏表、资产负债表、成本分析表、差异分析表、资金计划表、经营诊断表、经营计划表、财务分析表、盈亏平衡表等。这些报表是软件训练必不可少的，目的是让训练者达到学习效果，并配合战略会计使用。 战略会计是经营模拟发展出来的管理决策会计系统。该系统是根据未学过传统会计，而对会计工作有恐惧心理，故不能充分运用财务会计资料作决策才专门设计的。它的作用是让不具备会计技能的人也能了解和运用会计资料。 经营模拟训练法的评析[1] 经营模拟训练法优于一般的企业管理教育。企业管理教育大都偏重于职能管理理论与技能的传授，故其教育面较为狭窄，缺乏全面性的训练。其教育过程是将理论灌输到学习者头脑中，强迫其接受，以备将来在企业经营中能运用得当。 而经营模拟训练却让训练者在经营战略模拟，企业经营整体性理论与技能需求方面得到身临其境的磨炼和提高，等于在缩影的真实竞争市场上经营，因而有其紧迫感和现实感，使训练者理论联系实际，凭着自己的实务机会及以前所学的各种管理理论、技巧等与竞争对手加强竞争。此外，经营模拟训练还强调激励机制。由于训练者本身就是经营者，所以必须对管理领域中的生产、行销、财务和人事作全面性的考虑和负责，并对经营结束后的经营成果进行核定，评选优胜者。 这种经营的好胜心迫使他们在训练中全神贯注，并刺激竞争双方不断地学习、吸收，以建立一套最佳经营模式与战略。 参考文献 ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 周范林.《实用管理方法手册》[M].经济管理出版社,1997年2月第1版
The investment approach or objective that a fund manager uses to make choices in the selection of securities for the fund's portfolio. While there are a variety of styles, there are nine basic investing styles for both equity and fixed-income funds. For stock funds, company size and value/growth characteristics determine the style. For bonds, style is defined by maturities and credit quality. The specific size parameters for stocks are large, medium and small-sized companies, which are determined by market capitalization. Value, growth and a value/growth blends are the three basic categories for stocks.Bond maturities are categorized as short term, intermediate term and long term. Credit quality is determined by a bond's status as a government or agency issue (high) and credit ratings for corporates and municipals of 'AAA' to 'AA' (high), 'A' to 'BBB' (medium) and 'BB' to 'C' (low).Variations and combinations of these basic categories, as well as consideration of special industries, industry sectors and geographic location, create investment styles for both stock and bond funds beyond the basic nine categories for each.
什么是贷款平均余额 贷款平均余额是一段时期内每日贷款余额的平均水平。它反映一段时间内贷款规模的一般水平，实际上是计算期贷款时点数的序时平均数。 目录 1 贷款平均余额的公式 2 贷款平均余额的运用 3 相关条目 4 参考文献 贷款平均余额的公式 贷款平均余额的公式如下： ">编辑] 贷款平均余额的运用 某银行某时期内贷款余额如下： 该计算期日历日数为20天，则： 贷款平均余额=\frac{50\times10+45\times10}{20}=47.5(万元/天) 贷款平均余额与其他反映专业银行贷款规模的指标，如贷款净发放额、贷款累计发放额、贷款累计收回额等之间存在如下平衡关系： 贷款净发放额=本期贷款累计发放额一本期贷款累计收回额=本期末贷款余额-本期初贷款余额 贷款净收回额=本期贷款累计收回额一本期贷款累计发放额=本期初贷款余额-本期末贷款余额 根据上述平衡关系，可以根据已知的指标推算某一项未知的指标。 相关条目 贷款净收回额 贷款净发放额 参考文献 ↑ 吴少平.最新财会经贸公式计算手册.ISBN:7-5023-2304-X/F231.4-62.科学技术文献出版社,1995.
解释：中国古代契约管理的一种方式。典卖田宅时应交纳契税并过户割粮的制度。《明律》和《清律》均规定，凡出典或出卖田地、房屋须写书面契据，报官府交纳契税，由官府在契券上盖印，此举称“税契”。违者笞50，并追契内田宅价钱一半入官府。税契后将所典买的田地过割于典主或买主自己户内。宋以后官府为课征田赋，设置鱼鳞图册，过户割粮时即登入。过割的目的，在于典卖的田地税收应由典主或买主负担。如果不办过割手续，明清律均规定，1至5亩笞40，每5亩加一等，罪至杖100；其不过割的田地没入官府。 词条参考：税契
A scale developed by American scientist Fred Fiedler to identify whether an individual's leadership style is relationship-oriented or task-oriented. The Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale requires a person to rate the one individual they would least want to work with - the least preferred coworker - along a scale of 18 to 25 bipolar adjectives, with ratings from 1 to 8. The LPC score is then computed by totaling all the ratings. A high LPC score indicates that the individual is a relationship-oriented leader, while a low LPC score suggests a task-oriented leader. A typical set of bipolar adjectives used in the LPC Scale would include Pleasant/Unpleasant, Friendly/Unfriendly, Supportive/Hostile and so on. The responses are graded from 1 for the least favorable attribute (for example, Unpleasant or Unfriendly), to 8 for the most favorable one (Pleasant or Friendly). The LPC Scale assumes that people whose leadership style is relationship-oriented tend to describe their least preferred coworkers in a more positive manner, while those whose style is task-oriented rate them more negatively.
An account created for individuals who are covered under high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) to save for medical expenses that HDHPs do not cover. Contributions are made into the account by the individual or the individual's employer and are limited to a maximum amount each year. The contributions are invested over time and can be used to pay for qualified medical expenses, which include most medical care such as dental, vision and over-the-counter drugs. |||The HSA account has three major tax savings: the money contributed into the account is tax deductible, it grows tax free, and certain withdrawals are tax free if they are for qualified medical expenses. To qualify for an HSA account, you must have coverage from a high-deductible health plan and you must not be enrolled in Medicare or be listed as a dependent on another person's tax return.
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