The currency abbreviation for the Tonga pa'anga (TOP), the currency for Tonga. The Tonga pa'anga is made up of 100 hau and is often presented with either the symbol T$ or PT. The pa'anga is not convertible to any other currencies. |||The Tonga pa'anga replaced the Tonga pound at a rate of 2:1 in 1967 and was pegged at par with the Australian dollar. This peg existed until 1991, at which time the currency was pegged to a basket of the Australian dollar, New Zealand dollar, U.S. dollar and Japanese yen.
In currency transactions, the purchase and sale of a currency made to avoid taking actual delivery of the currency. The current position is closed out at the daily close rate and re-entered at the new opening rate the next trading day. Also referred to as "tomorrow next procedure". |||In most currency trades, delivery is two days after the transaction date. Tomorrow-next trades arise because most currency traders are speculators and have no intention of taking delivery of the currency. If a trader buys and closes out his or her currency position the same business day, there isn't a problem with delivery. But traders who wish to hold their position over the current business day and have no intention of accepting delivery of the currency would use tomorrow-next procedures: the position is closed out that business day at a closing rate, and then the position is re-established the following day. This allows the trader to hold the position for that day without worrying about delivery.
The currency abbreviation for the Tunisian dinar (TND), the currency for Tunisia, a country located on the Mediterranean coast of Northern Africa. The Tunisian dinar is made up of 1,000 milim and is officially presented with the symbol DT, although TND is also used, and writing dinar after the amount is most common (100 DT, 100 TND or 100 dinar). |||The Tunisian dinar replaced the French franc at a rate of 1,000:1 in 1958. Because of the devaluation of the French franc in the same year, this initial exchange rate was replaced with a U.S. dollar peg of 0.42 Tunisian dinars to 1 U.S. dollar. This changed to 0.525:1 in 1964, and in 1971 the currency was made to float at market rates.It is illegal to import or export Tunisian dinars. As a result, many converting ATMs exist throughout the country for tourists.
The main financial district of London, and one of the world's major concentrations of business and financial institutions. The City is approximately one square mile and is located in the city of London within the United Kingdom. The City is the world's largest currency trading center surpassing the second place New York City. |||The foreign exchange market is the world's largest financial market. Highly liquid, the average daily volume is in the trillions of dollars. London accounts for more than one-third of the total daily turnover, followed by New York City and Tokyo. London's collective business and financial institutions such as Bank of England and the Royal Exchange are located there.
A form of arbitrage that involves switching from a domestic currency that carries a lower interest rate to a foreign currency that offers a higher rate of interest on deposits. There is a foreign exchange risk implicit in this transaction since the investor or speculator will need to convert the foreign currency deposit proceeds back into the domestic currency some time in the future. The term "uncovered" in this arbitrage refers to the fact that this foreign exchange risk is not covered through a forward or futures contract. |||Total returns from uncovered interest arbitrage depend considerably on currency fluctuations, since adverse currency movements can wipe out all the gains and in fact even lead to negative returns. If the interest rate differential obtained by investing in a foreign currency is 3%, and the foreign currency appreciates against the domestic currency by 2% during the holding period, the total return from this arbitrage activity is 5%. On the other hand, if the foreign currency depreciates by 4% during the holding period, the total return is -1%.
The currency abbreviation for the Ugandan shilling (UGX), the currency for Uganda. The Ugandan shilling is made up of 100 cents and is often presented with the symbol USh. Even though the shilling is made up cents, no subdivisions have been used since the currency was revalued in 1987. |||The Ugandan shilling (UGS) was first introduced in 1966 and replaced the East African shilling at par. After many years of high inflation, the value of the shilling had decreased to a point at which it was necessary to introduce the new shilling in force today (UGX). The new shilling replaced the old at a rate of 100:1.Although the new shilling is a very stable currency and is used in most transactions in Uganda, the U.S. dollar (USD), Great Britain pound (GPB) and the euro (EUR) are also widely used.
The currency abbreviation for the Ukraine hryvnia (UAH), the currency for Ukraine. The Ukraine hryvnia is made up of 100 kopiyka and is often presented with a symbol based on the cursive Ukrainian letter "He", which looks like a "3" with a double horizontal stroke through the middle. The double strokes are seen on other currencies such as the euro and the yen because they symbolize stability. |||The hryvnia became the national currency of Ukraine when it replaced the karbovanets at a rate of 100,000:1 in 1996 because of the hyperinflation that occurred in the '90s as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Initially, the currency was introduced at an exchange rate with the U.S. dollar of 1.76 Ukrainian hryvnia to 1 U.S. dollar. Since 1998, when the Asian financial crisis devalued the currency, the exchange rate has remained stable at around 5 hryvnia to 1 U.S. dollar.
The currency abbreviation for the Taiwan dollar (TWD), the currency for the Republic of China within Taiwan, Pescadores, Kinmnet and Matsu. The Taiwan dollar is made up of 10 jiao, and 100 fen, and is often presented with the symbol NT$. |||TWD is often referred to as the "new Taiwan dollar", which replaced the old one at a rate of 40,000:1 in 1949 in an attempt to end the hyperinflation the country was experiencing.
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