A release of information to certain people before the official public announcement. Usually an illegal practice perpetuated by people (insiders) who work for a public company.
An act created by the U.S Congress in 1996 that amends both the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) and the Public Health Service Act (PHSA) in an effort to protect individuals covered by health insurance and to set standards for the storage and privacy of personal medical data. |||The HIPAA ensures that individual health care plans are accessible, portable, and renewable, and it sets the standards and the methods for how medical data is shared across the U.S. health system in order to prevent fraud. It pre-empts state law unless the state's regulations are more stringent. This act has been modified since 1996 to include processes for safely storing and sharing patient medical information electronically. The act also has an administrative simplification provision, which is aimed at increasing efficiency and reducing administrative costs by establishing national standards.Health insurers, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), healthcare billing services and other entities that handle sensitive personal medical information must comply with the standards set by the HIPAA. Noncompliance may result in civil or criminal penalties.
A system that allows firms making an issue to produce a short form prospectus. The short form prospectus must contain any material changes not previously reported. There are some issuers who continuously disclose information, and they have the opportunity to use the SFPDS. This system is quicker and more cost effective than the conventional means of distributing a prospectus.
An indicator based on the theory that a consumer turns to less expensive indulgences, such as lipstick, when she (or he) feels less than confident about the future. Therefore, lipstick sales tend to increase during times of economic uncertainty or a recession. Also known as the "lipstick effect". This term was coined by Leonard Lauder (chairman of Estee Lauder), who consistently found that during tough economic times, his lipstick sales went up. Believe it or not, the indicator has been quite a reliable signal of consumer attitudes over the years. For example, in the months following the September 11 terrorist attacks, lipstick sales doubled.
The currency abbreviation for the Ukraine hryvnia (UAH), the currency for Ukraine. The Ukraine hryvnia is made up of 100 kopiyka and is often presented with a symbol based on the cursive Ukrainian letter "He", which looks like a "3" with a double horizontal stroke through the middle. The double strokes are seen on other currencies such as the euro and the yen because they symbolize stability. |||The hryvnia became the national currency of Ukraine when it replaced the karbovanets at a rate of 100,000:1 in 1996 because of the hyperinflation that occurred in the '90s as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Initially, the currency was introduced at an exchange rate with the U.S. dollar of 1.76 Ukrainian hryvnia to 1 U.S. dollar. Since 1998, when the Asian financial crisis devalued the currency, the exchange rate has remained stable at around 5 hryvnia to 1 U.S. dollar.
A type of option that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell an interest rate floor at a specific price during a predetermined period of time. A floortion combines the benefits of both an interest rate floor and an option. The only upfront cost to the holder is the premium the holder has to pay to purchase the option. The investor who buys the right to enter into an interest rate floor will receive a payoff when the interest rate on the underlying floating-rate note falls below a certain level. If the floating rate does not fall below a certain rate, then the investor can exercise his or her right to not purchase the interest rate floor at the premium.
An indicator used in technical analysis to identify changing trends. The technique consists of combining two groups of moving averages with differing time periods. One set of moving averages in the Guppy multiple moving average (GMMA) has a relatively brief time frame and is used to determine the activity of short-term traders. The number of days used in the set of short-term averages is usually 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 or 15.The other group of averages is created with extended time periods and is used to gauge the activity of long-term investors. The long-term averages usually use periods of 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or 60 days. |||The relationship between the two sets of moving averages is used by traders to determine if the outlook of short-term traders aligns with investors who have a longer-term outlook. Changing trends are identified when the two groups of moving averages intersect. A bullish trend is present when the short-term moving averages are above the long-term averages. Conversely, a bearish trend occurs when the short-term averages are below the long-term averages. This term gets its name from Daryl Guppy, an Australian trader who is credited with its development.
A ratio developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe to measure risk-adjusted performance. The Sharpe ratio is calculated by subtracting the risk-free rate - such as that of the 10-year U.S. Treasury bond - from the rate of return for a portfolio and dividing the result by the standard deviation of the portfolio returns. The Sharpe ratio formula is: The Sharpe ratio tells us whether a portfolio's returns are due to smart investment decisions or a result of excess risk. This measurement is very useful because although one portfolio or fund can reap higher returns than its peers, it is only a good investment if those higher returns do not come with too much additional risk. The greater a portfolio's Sharpe ratio, the better its risk-adjusted performance has been. A negative Sharpe ratio indicates that a risk-less asset would perform better than the security being analyzed.A variation of the Sharpe ratio is the Sortino ratio, which removes the effects of upward price movements on standard deviation to measure only return against downward price volatility.
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