The yield calculation of a bond that is systematically retired throughout its life. This yield replaces the stated final maturity with the average life maturity. The yield-to-average life calculation is often used in the case of a sinking fund where the issuer purchases its own bonds on the open market to fulfill its sinking fund obligations when the bonds are trading below par. |||The yield-to-average life allows investors to determine the expected return when a bond is not held to maturity either because of sinking fund obligations or, in the case of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), because of the prepayment of the underlying mortgage debt. The yield-to-average life metric is used in regard to the pricing of mortgage-backed securities, such as collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and private issuers. Because an MBS generally repays principal throughout the life of the investment, the prepayment of the underlying mortgage debt can affect the investor’s return (depending on whether the MBS was purchased at a discount or at a premium).
A chart where each data point is comprised of the price movement for a single week of trading. This type of chart typically shows high, low, open, and close for the whole week and does not show the day-to-day movements of the security. This type of chart is used by technical analysts to gauge the long-term trend of a given asset. Taobiz explains Weekly Chart A weekly chart can vary in appearance depending on what form of chart the analyst chooses to use. For example, a weekly line chart will only include the weekly closing price while a weekly candlestick chart will display the open, high, low and close for the week. This chart construction is used to give a long-term view of the security as it includes much more historical price movement than an equivalent period day chart.
A type of debt-instrument-based option that derives its value from the difference between the exercise price and the value of the yield of the underlying debt instrument. Yield-based options are settled in cash. A yield-based call buyer expects interest rates to go up, while a yield-based put buyer expects interest rates to go down. |||If the interest rate of the underlying debt security rises above the strike price of a yield-based call option plus the premium paid, the call holder is 'in the money'. Should the opposite occur, and the interest rate falls below the strike price less the premium paid for a yield-based put option, the put holder is in the money.
Stock that is issued with a value much greater than the value of the issuing company's assets. Watered stock can be caused by excessive stock dividends, overvalued assets and/or large operating losses. Taobiz explains Watered Stock Assets can be overvalued for several reasons, including inflated accounting values or excessive issue of stock (through a dividend or employee stock-option program). This term is thought to originate from ranchers who would feed their cattle large amounts of water before market day to make them heavier, fetching a price higher than their worth.
A form of commercial financing in which regular interest and principal payments are deferred until maturity, rather than paid over the course of the loan. While the coupon rate on such a mortgage is technically zero because there are no regular coupon or interest payments, interest accrues and is rolled into the principal amount at maturity. |||Zero-coupon mortgages are especially useful for commercial projects where cash flows to service debt may not be available until the project nears completion. As total interest plus principal repayment is only received by the lender when the loan matures, the credit risk is significantly higher than with a conventional loan. As such, lenders may only offer this form of financing to established commercial borrowers with pristine credit records.
An exchange-traded fund that invests in companies operating in industries such as water treatment and purification, water utilities, water monitoring, and broader distribution and retail companies. Water ETFs invest the majority of their assets into publicly traded equities based on an underlying index, which may be created in house or by a third-party market service. Watch: Understanding ETF Taobiz explains Water ETF There are water ETFs available that focus primarily on U.S.-based companies, while others have a more international focus. Underlying fund indexes are varied, but all include common stocks and American depositary receipts (ADRs) of foreign-based companies. The funds tend to be managed passively around their underlying indexes. As the world's population grows, its finite water supply may become the most precious natural resource. This has led to heightened investor demand for companies engaged in creating potable water for consumers, irrigation supplies for farming, and other water-based goods and services.
A strategy that a takeover target uses to try and thwart an undesired takeover attempt. The target firm issues a large amount of shares at below-market prices, which the acquiring company will then have to purchase if it wishes to complete the takeover. Taobiz explains Whitemail If the whitemail strategy is successful in discouraging the takeover, then the company can either buy back the issued shares or leave them outstanding.
The constant spread that will make the price of a security equal to the present value of its cash flows when added to the yield at each point on the spot rate Treasury curve where a cash flow is received . In other words, each cash flow is discounted at the appropriate Treasury spot rate plus the Z-spread. The Z-spread is also known as a "static spread". |||A Z-spread calculation is different than a nominal spread calculation. A nominal spread calculation uses one point on the Treasury yield curve (not the spot rate Treasury yield curve) to determine the spread at a single point that will equal the present value of the security's cash flows to its price.
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