什么是晋升激励 晋升激励就是企业领导将员工从低一级的职位提升到新的更高的职务,同时赋予与新职务一致的责、权、利的过程。 晋升激励的运用 1、规范晋升途径 晋升激励的第一步,是规范晋升的途径。也就是说,为每一个员工指明他所在的岗位应该朝哪个方面晋升。这个晋升不是指个人的晋升,而是指这个岗位未来的晋升方向。比如,你现在是文员,那么这个岗位的下一步晋升方向是高级文员;你是一般工程师,这个岗位的晋升方向是主任工程师。规范晋升途径,就是将所有的岗位分为几个岗位群,每一个岗位都能在自己所在的岗位群中,从下到上、一步一步地上升。很多企业晋升激励存在的问题是没有晋升途径,一个员工在每一个岗位干了十几年,除了工资稍有上升外,其他的都没有变。 2、建立晋升的阶梯 1.晋升阶梯的含义 在规范了晋升的途径,即指明什么岗位从哪个路径上升之后,接下来就需要建立晋升的阶梯,也就是说,要指明这条路径上有多少岗位,分布如何。指明治理人员走行政类、营销人员走销售类、工程师走技术类、文员走行政事务类,即是规范了晋升的途径。以销售类为例,具体规定出销售人员的岗位分为客户主任、高级客户主任、客户经理和高级客户经理,并对每个岗位进行分级,则是建立了晋升的阶梯。作为销售人员,就可以在这个途径上,一个岗位一个岗位地、一级一级地通过考核不断地得到晋升。 2.晋升阶梯的作用 规范了类别途径,建立了晋升的阶梯,就为员工的职业生涯打通了道路。这样,员工就可以目标明确地通过努力不断地得到晋升。就像一滩水一样,水还是这么多水,假如你让它不断地在旋转,在流动,哪怕在内部流动,这个水就是活水。同样,通过绩效考核、能力考核和不断的晋升,员工就可以被激活,他们就能够不断地提高自己的业绩,提升自己的能力,企业也因此而得到持续的发展的机会。 3、制定晋升标准 1.晋升所需达到的三个标准 规范了晋升途径、建立了晋升阶梯,并不意味着员工只靠工作年限就可以自然地晋升。也就是说岗位并不是轮着坐的,它是有一定的标准的。具体而言,这一标准应该包括三个部分: 第一,岗位的任职资格要求,具体包括:学历、专业、专业年限、同行年限、同等职务年限等; 第二,岗位的能力要求,即适应这一岗位所需要具备的能力; 第三,绩效要求,即晋升这一岗位所需达到的绩效标准。 2.晋升以标准为依据,双向流动 在实施晋升激励的过程中,应该严格按照标准进行。此外,晋升不应该仅仅是正向流动的,也应该有负向的流动。也就是说,晋升标准应有两个,一个是向上晋升,一个是向下流动,从而做到员工有升有降。对于符合晋升标准的要给予晋升,对于符合降级标准的要向下降级。 4、晋升体系的应用 1.晋升体系要有相应的薪酬相对应 由于我国的经济发展仍然比较落后,与欧洲一些高福利的发达国家相比,挣取工资仍然是工作的主要目的,因此,晋升只有与薪酬相对应,才能更好地发挥晋升的激励作用。 此外,在薪酬设计中,有一部分是针对个人的,而不是针对岗位的,这一部分被称为资历工资,也就是说随着资历的增长,虽然员工的岗位没有变化,但还是可以拿到这部分不断增长的工资。在一些企业,由于发展的限制,岗位设置有限,很多员工进一步发展的机会也受到了限制。为了挽留治理者,企业就随着他们工龄的增长,而改变他们的头衔。比如,把人力资源部的经理变为人力资源部总监,但是,他们的岗位在组织架构上的位置并没有改变,权限以及治理的人员也没有改变,惟一改变的是工资,也就是说公司将头衔的晋升与薪酬挂起钩来,这样员工就从晋升中得到了激励。 2.晋升标准必须明确 将晋升的标准明确化、公开化对于晋升体系的应用具有重要的意义。因为,明确了标准,就意味着明确了努力的方向。 以高级经理的晋升为例:晋升标准规定经理在13项考核指标中,假如连续七年有八项达到A,那么就可以晋升到高级经理。在13项指标中,有一些是能力指标,有一些是业绩指标。对于经理们而言,假如能力指标能够连续4年达到A,那么就说明能力是没有问题的,因为能力是相对稳定的。所以在接下来的三年里,能力指标就不用担心了,只需要努力完成易变化的业绩指标就行了。同样,假如明确了业绩指标达到A所需要的分数,并明确了每个指标的分数构成,那么经理们就可以通过抓住考核的要害因素,来提高自己的分数,从而使自己达标。所以,明确标准对于明确员工的努力方向,增强员工对结果的可控性,从而增强晋升体系的激励作用具有重要的意义。 3.晋升体系要注重应用头衔 我们经常看到一个公司里有很多的经理,级别较高部门的负责人称为经理,级别较低部门的负责人也称为经理。在名片上,很多人的职务也都注明了经理。这就是应用头衔提升晋升体系激励性的一种有效方式。因为人都比较爱面子,换句话说,人都有交往和受到尊重的需要,头衔往往有利于满足这种需要。因此,晋升体系要充分地应用这一工具,因为它是最廉价的。在某种程度上,可以代替或者帮助节省人工成本支出,因为有很多人为了头衔愿意拿较低的工资。当然,假如将头衔与工资恰当地结合起来,效果会更好。但是,需要注重的是,这种应用要有一个度,不可用滥了。
什么是部分收购 部分收购是指投资者向全体股东发出收购要约,收购占一家上市公司股份总数一定比例(少于100%)的股份而获得该公司控制权的行为。 目录 1部分收购的特点 2部分收购方式的分类 3部分收购和全面收购 4相关条目 部分收购的特点 1.部分收购是指收购一家上市公司股份或投票权累计达到25%以上,但少于100%的股份或投票权的行为。 2.部分收购分为三个控制档次,即控制权分别累计达到25%以上、50%以上、75%以上,每当达到或超过上述比例时须按收购合并行为处理。 部分收购方式的分类 1.重组按股式收购,即通过参与中国原有企业的重组,收购企业50%以上的股权,以达到控制企业经营管理的目的。 2.增资控股式收购,即在原有中外合资企业的基础上,由外商增资扩股,中国不参加增资,相应降低所持股份,从而使外商由参股变成控股。 3.股票认购式收购,即外商对中国那些同时上市发行A股和B股或H股的公司,通过大量增持B股或H股的方式,达到参股或控股的目的。 部分收购和全面收购 部分收购的目的在于取得目标公司的相对控股权,而全面收购的目的则在于兼并目标公司,前者是控股式收购,后者是兼并式收购。值得一提的是,向目标公司的所有股东发出收购要约,并不等于全面收购,因为部分收购也必须采用这种形式。向所有股票所有人发出收购要约,体现或强调的是目标公司股东的平等待遇原则。如果受要约人承诺售出的股票数量超过了收购人计划购买的数量时,收购要约人还必须按比例从所有承诺人处购买。而全面收购则表明要约人欲收购目标公司所有股份的意图。 另外,全面收购的结果也可能只获得目标公司的达到法定比例的部分股份,这与部分收购只计划收购目标公司的部分股份的情况是不同的。全面收购除当事人自愿进行的以外,多数属于强制收购,当收购人持有目标公司股份达一定比例时,法律强制要求其履行法定的全面收购义务。我国《证券法》第81条规定,通过证券交易所的证券交易,投资者持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的30%时,继续进行收购的,应当依法向该上市公司所有股东发出收购要约。但经国务院证券监督管理机构免除发出要约的除外。 部分收购与全面收购的根本区别在于收购人所获得的目标公司股份数额的不同。根据《深圳市上市公司监管暂行办法》第50 条规定,收购分为部分收购和全面收购两种: (1)部分收购是指收购一家上市公司股份或投票权累计达到25 %以上,但少于100%。 相关条目 全面收购
什么是头寸报告 头寸报告是指为了能够对市场进行动态监督,政府主管部门和政府授权的期货交易所针对大额投机商设置的一种头寸管理制度。 目录 1 头寸报告的基本内容 2 头寸报告的应用 头寸报告的基本内容 其基本内容是:如果交易商持有、控制或与未结清权益相对应的合约头寸已等于或超过了规定的限额,就必须在其持有的头寸等于或超过限额水平期间向期货交易所和政府主管部门递交头寸报告。 头寸报告的应用 在美国,由投机大户提交的头寸报告主要有三类: (1)期货经纪公司和外国经纪人提交的“01”类报告,此类报告必须每天制单提交。 (2)套期保值者和棉花的中间商、加工商和经纪商提交的“02”类报告,每周提交一次。 (3)其余交易商提交的“03”类报告,这是一种在商品期货交易管理部门特别要求时提交的报告。 在中国,为防止大户操纵市场或发生会员风险超载现象,国家证券期货监管部门要求各期货交易所对交易者实行头寸报告制度。 其基本规定是,每个会员对某一合约的总持仓量不得超过该合约市场总持仓量的15%,同一交易者在不同会员处的持仓量合并计算,持仓量达到交易所持仓限量80%的为交易大户,交易大户必须每周五下午四点前向交易所申报一次持仓情况,必要时每天报送一次。这个制度的实行,对于控制市场交易风险起到了良好的作用。
A put or call option that protects an investor from foreign-exchange risk for a future sale or purchase of a specified foreign-equity portfolio. |||ELF-X options are a combination of a currency option and an equity forward contract. Should the exchange rate work in the investor's favor under the option contract, the total payout from the option is dependent upon the performance of the equities underlying the contract. Otherwise, the investor does not receive a payout. For example, if an investor holds an ELF-X call option on USD relative to CAD, and the Canadian dollar depreciates relative to the American, the investor would not receive a payout. However, if USD depreciated relative to CAD, the investor would receive the amount saved from use of the spot exchange rate in the option contract and the foreign-equity portfolio value, less the premium paid for the call option. Also known as a "portfolio currency protection option" or PCPO.
什么是邱氏曲腰量指标 邱氏曲腰量指标的英文全名是Svolume,简称“SV”,是邱一平先生,根据价涨量增、价跌量缩的原理,取其价量平均不足幅度和超额幅度,计算其差值互补的关后,所研制的量能指标。 根据邱氏曲腰量图表上的S型柱状体凹凸的状态,判断量能位于谷底或峰顶。 邱氏曲腰量指标的研判方法 1、用来判断成交量是否为主动性的量或被动性的量。当出现红柱的同时,此时的股价如果同柱状是同步的,代表此量能是主动性的上涨量能;当出现红柱的同时,此时的股价如果同柱状是背离的,代表此量能是被动性的护盘量能;当出现绿柱的同时,此时的股价如果同柱状是同步的,代表此量能是主动性的杀跌量能;当出现绿柱的同时,此时的股价如果同柱状是背离的,代表此量能是被动性的压盘量能。 2、邱氏曲腰量大于其平均线时,为买进信号。 3、邱氏曲腰量小于其平均线时,为卖出信号。 注意:邱氏曲腰量同邱式量法可以同时配合运用。 以先锋股份(600246)为例,下图是先锋股份的日线图,通过SV图上的红绿柱的递增和递减同股价走势的对应情况,可以清楚的看出该股走势经历如下历程:主动性上拉——被动整理护盘——杀跌——筑底——主动性上拉。圆圈位置所指都是买卖信号位置。
什么是主管支持感[1] 在日常管理实践中,组织的规范、政策等一般都是通过员工的直接领导者——主管(supervisor)而表现出来的,组织的惯例、传统、规则的延续也都和主管有关,这样对于员工而言,主管在很大程度上就成为了组织的象征、组织的代理人;组织也是通过代理人对员工行使权利,负责评估和指导员工的绩效[2]。因此,员工会把主管如何对待自己视作组织支持的一个“指示器”。 鉴于此,Kottke等人延续了Eisenberger等人自上而下承诺的思想,认为相同的概念应用在主管和员工之间也是如此:员工和主管的承诺是双向的,除了员工对主管的忠诚外,也包含了主管对员工承诺的交换关系[1]。与组织支持感的概念相对应,Kottke等人将这种承诺称为主管支持感,意指员工对主管重视他们贡献、关心他们福祉的程度的总体看法。 相关的实证研究表明主管支持感对员工的工作态度、工作绩效与行为以及心理压力与紧张等相关工作结果变量均存在一定的影响;而个体特征与工作特征方面的相关因素则对主管支持感具有一定的预测力。 主管支持感的因素[1] 由于主管支持感的研究时间还相对较短,因此目前有关主管支持感影响因素方面的实证考察还非常薄弱,只有少数学者在研究中涉及到了这方面问题的探讨。归纳现有的研究,影响主管支持感的因素主要有个体特征和工作特征两类。 在个体特征方面,Chan等人的研究发现,前瞻性人格(proactive personality,指个体不受情境阻力的制约,主动采取行动以改变其外部环境的行为倾向性)对主管支持感具有显著的影响,并且个体的情境判断有效性(situational judgment effectiveness)对前瞻性人格与主管支持感之间的关系具有调节作用:当个体的情境判断有效性较高时,前瞻性人格对主管支持感具有显著的正向预测作用;而当个体的情境判断有效性较低时,前瞻性人格对后者则具有显著的负向预测力[3]。周慧珍等人的研究表明组织成员的工作胜任能力对其主管支持感具有显著的正向影响[4]。这可能是因为工作胜任能力强的员工相信自己能对主管或组织有所贡献并相信主管能支持其作为;而主管对于工作能力强的员工,相信其有能力达成任务,因此会赋予较为重要或困难的工作。并且工作能力强的员工因可以成功地帮助主管拓展或执行任务,基于社会交换理论的互惠原则,主管应该会更加关心和重视他们。 工作特征方面的因素也会影响员工对主管支持的知觉。例如Yoon 等人以医院职员为研究对象,发现高工作负荷对主管支持感具有显著的负面作用;而工作自主性(job autonomy)则能够提高个体的主管支持感,这可能是因为员工会将具有较高自主性的工作视为一种内在奖励,进而增强自己与主管的情感联系[5]。 主管支持感的测量[1] 目前学者们在实证研究中所使用的主管支持感测量工具,大多是以Eisenberger等人的“组织支持感问卷(Survey of Perceived Organizational Support,SPOS)”为基础,取其中的一些项目加以改编而构建的[1][5]。例如早在1988年,Kottke等人即以SPOS中的16个有效项目为基础,将每个项目中的“组织”替换为“主管”,其他措辞完全相同,组成“主管支持感问卷”(Survey of Perceived Supervisor Support, SPSS)[1]。这些项目描述了主管对员工各种工作行为可能会有的评价,以及主管在不同的情境下,为激励或制止员工所可能会采取的各种自发性的做法。所有项目均由被试在Likert七点量表上依个人对各项描述的同意程度作答。 其中14个项目采用正向计分(如:我的主管重视我对我们部门福祉的贡献),另外2个项目采用反向计分(如:如果我的主管能够以更低的薪水雇到其他人来取代我,他/她就会这样做)。因素分析的结果显示SPSS与SPOS一样,均是单维的;信度分析的结果表明,SPSS的内部一致性系数为0.98。之后的一些研究进一步验证了SPSS的结构和信度。如Hutchison采用验证性因素分析方法,结果除了证实SPSS的单维性及较高的内部一致性信度(α= 0.97)之外,还发现SPOS与情感性组织承诺和组织可信任性(organizational dependability)存在显著的正相关,而SPSS与这些变量之间的相关则要弱一些[[6]。这也进一步证实了主管支持感与组织支持感是两个既相互联系又相互区别的构念。还有一些学者将SPSS与LMX量表及“主管体贴(supervisor consideration)”量表进行了比较研究,结果也表明SPSS是与上述二者不同的、独立有效的量表[7]。 主管支持感与组织支持感的关系[1] 主管支持感与组织支持感具有相似的心理机制。当员工知觉到组织或主管支持自己时,便会产生对组织或主管的义务感,进而通过提升组织或主管承诺、展现支持组织或主管目标的行为来履行自己的义务。员工的这一表现是基于社会交换的观点(social exchange ideology),即员工会以工作的付出交换诸如薪酬、福利、尊重、关怀等实质或形式上的利益[8]。这种交换的本质是建立在信任及善意的基础上,个体期待这些信任与善意在未来能收到回报。组织或主管支持感中的交换意识完全是依组织或主管对员工的支持以及支持的程度而定,是存在于员工心中的一种信念。员工与组织或主管之间的相处也是互惠互利的(即人们必须帮助那些曾经帮助过自己的人,而且不去伤害他们),并在此基础上发展出彼此间的权利与义务关系[9]。 但主管支持感与组织支持感之间显然也存在一定的区别。Kottke等人即认为尽管组织支持和主管支持都是员工感受支持的重要因素,但二者在本质上还是有所不同的。他们应用因素分析方法进行的实证研究表明,组织支持感和主管支持感是两种不同的构念,并且T检验的结果显示员工从直接主管那里所获得的支持要多于从整个组织所获得的支持。此前Greller等人的研究也发现,员工在与工作相关的信息的获取上,对主管的依赖程度要高于组织,说明员工偏好并重视从较为接近的人那里得到反馈与支持[1]。 另外,就社会交换的具体对象、过程及内容而言,二者也具有一定的差异。主管支持感主要的交换关系来自于员工和主管,本质上属于领导—成员交换(LMX)的范畴;组织支持感的交换关系则来自于员工与整个组织,即组织—成员交换(OMX)关系[2]。当员工有较高的主管支持感时,基于LMX的观点,员工相信主管重视自己的贡献,并关心自己的未来和福祉,进而会提高主管承诺、帮助主管减少管理上的困难,并产生较多的角色外行为(如帮助同事),以回报主管。再者,由于员工将主管看作组织的代理人,因此当员工感受到主管关心和重视自己时,他们会进而推论组织是通过主管来关心自己,基于互惠原则也会对组织产生义务感。当员工有较高的组织支持感时,员工相信组织重视他们的贡献,并且关心他们的未来和福祉,基于OMX,员工会以提高自己的工作绩效和增加组织承诺及组织公民行为的方式来回报组织。可见,在逻辑上员工的主管支持感可以被视为组织支持感的预测因子之一。这一点已为Eisenberger等人的实证研究所证明[9]。为了更清楚地显示变量之间的因果关系,他们采用了“跨时间(over time)”测量的方法(即在前后两个时间T1和T2对变量进行两次测量)。得出的结果是:T1的主管支持感对T2的主管支持感和组织支持感均存在显著的正向影响,而T1的组织支持感对T2的组织支持感有正向影响,但对T2的主管支持感却无显著影响。Rhoades等人的元分析研究也表明,主管支持感是影响员工组织支持感三个因素(组织公平、主管支持感、奖励和工作条件)中第二个有重要影响的因素[10]。 参考文献 ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 李锐,凌文辁.主管支持感研究述评及展望(J).心理科学进展,2008(02) ↑ 2.0 2.1 林佳潓.知觉组织支持与组织公民行为:角色定义幅度之中介作用(D).台湾中原大学心理学系硕士论文,2005 ↑ Chan D.Interactive effects of situational judgment effectiveness and proactive personality on work perceptions and work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology,2006,91(2):475~481 ↑ 周慧珍,罗新兴.员工的胜任能力及其与主管的背景特征 相似性对离职倾向之影响—知觉主管支持的中介效果(J).国防管理学报, 2006, 27(2):143~156 ↑ 5.0 5.1 Yoon,J,Shane T. Supervisor Support in the Work Place:Legitimacy and positive affectivity. Journal of Social Psychology, 2000, 140(3): 295~316 ↑ Hutchison S. Perceived organizational support: Further evidence of construct validity. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1997, 57(6):1025~1034 ↑ 周明建. 组织、主管支持,员工情感承诺与工作产出—基于员工“利益交换观”与“利益共同体观”的比较研究(D). 浙江大学管理学院博士论文,2005 ↑ Eisenberger R, Huntington R, Hutchisom S, et al. Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology,1986,71(2): 500~507 ↑ 9.0 9.1 Eisenberger R, Stinglhamber F, Vandenberghe C. Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology,2002, 87(3): 565~573 ↑ Rhoades L, Eisenberger R.Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature.Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002,87(3):698~714
什么是多选择融资便利 多选择融资便利于1984年由瑞典最先采用,是欧洲票据市场的又一创新。这种便利允许借款人采用多种方式提取资金,包括短期贷款、浮动信用额度、银行承兑票据等,所有这些方式都已包括在票据发行便利之中。 目录 1 多选择融资便利的特点 2 相关条目 多选择融资便利的特点 借款人在选择借款的期限、货币种类、利率基数等方面有较大的灵活性,也能筹集到发行欧洲票据所不能筹集到的资金,并在最便宜或者最适时的情况下提取资金。 多选择融资便利除包含“额外借款选择的新融资便利”、“有浮动额度选择的便利”、“有银行承兑票据选择的便利”外,还有借款人的票据和包销备用信用选择的便利。它把没有承诺的票据发行便利、美国商业票据和已承诺的备用信贷归纳成一揽子计划,如果条件对发行欧洲票据或商业票据不利,借款人可将备用信贷当做循环信贷支取款项。 相关条目 循环包销便利 票据发行便利 包销性票据发行便利
IntroductionThe Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is designed to serve as the basis for index-linked products, particularly exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and derivatives. The index intends to represent the largest, most liquid stocks of companies in Brazil, Russia, India and the China Offshore region whose shares are available to international investors. The Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is a composite of four subindexes covering Brazil, Russia, India, and China Offshore.The Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is constructed by selecting companies from the Dow Jones Total Stock Market country indexes for Brazil, Russia, India and China Offshore. The China Offshore stock selection includes companies whose primary operations are in mainland China but whose stocks trade on the exchanges of Hong Kong and the U.S. Eligible stocks include H shares and ADRs/ADSes and U.S.-listed only stocks.The objective of the Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is to optimize factors of greatest importance in an investable index; liquidity, turnover rate, transaction costs and tracking error against the broad-market benchmark.Key Features1.base Date and ValueThe base date for The Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is December 31, 2002, and its base value is 100.2.Index FormulaThe Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is calculated using Laspeyres’ formula, meaning it measures price changes against a fixed-based-period quantity weight. A detailed explanation of the Laspeyres formula is provided in section 8.2 of the Guide to the Dow Jones Global Indexes.3.Dividend TreatmentThe Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is calculated in both price-return and total-return forms in U.S. dollars and Euros. Dividend payments are not taken into account in the price index, whereas dividend payments net of taxes are reinvested in the index sample of the total-return index. only extraordinary and special cash dividends are included in the index. Special dividends from non-operating income continue to be included in the index calculation.4.WeightingThe Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is capitalization-weighted. The float-adjusted shares outstanding for each class of stock are used to determine the company’s market capitalization. Float adjustments are based on the rules in Section 7 of the Guide to the Dow Jones Global Indexes. The weighting of each component is capped at 10% of the index’s total market capitalization at the quarterly updates.5.DisseminationThe index is calculated and disseminated every 15 seconds whenever any of its primary exchanges are open. On exchange holidays, the previous day’s closing price for each affected stock is used for index calculation. If a corporate action becomes effective on an exchange holiday, the adjusted closing price for the previous business day is used.6.Stock PricesThe Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is computed using the last-traded prices of its components during the official trading hours of its components’ primary exchanges. Index calculation begins when the first official opening component price is received. Until a particular stock opens, its adjusted closing price from the previous day is used in index computation. If trading in a stock is halted during a session, its last-traded price is used in all subsequent index computations until trading resumes. If trading is suspended before the opening, the stock’s adjusted closing price from the previous day is used to calculate the index.7.Input DataReal-time stock prices are provided by Reuters. The latest trading price is used for index calculation.The number of shares is determined separately for each class of stock. This information is obtained from a variety of data vendors. The data is also sourced from the companies themselves.Corporate actions are sourced from public news services, regulatory filings and data vendors. The companies themselves are used as an additional source.Float data is obtained from a variety of sources including data? vendors, exchanges, regulators and the companies themselves8.Computational PrecisionIndex values are available with six decimal precision (note: index values displayed by vendors are rounded to two decimal places). Index divisors are available with up to ten decimal places. Additional precision for index levels and divisors may be maintained internally for index adjustment purposes. Any values derived by the index calculation engine from a corporate action used for the divisor adjustments and index computations are rounded to six decimal places.Index Construction MethodologyStocks are selected within each country based on size and liquidity rankings, subject to buffers, and then are aggregated to create the index.1. Index UniverseThe index selection universe for the Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index comprises all components of the Dow Jones Total Stock Market country indexes covering Brazil, Russia, India and China Offshore. The China Offshore stocks include all H shares, ADRs/ADSes and U.S.-listed shares.In the Brazil, Russia, India and China Offshore markets, eligible securities are screened for liquidity. Any security that had more than 10 non-trading days over the past quarter is excluded, unless the lack of trading is due to a situation that is determined to be temporary. The remaining companies are then ranked by float-adjusted market capitalization to represent more accurately the investable size of each security. Stocks in the top 95% of the underlying float-adjusted market capitalization are then selected as components of the underlying indexes that form the universe for the Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index, skipping stocks that fall in the bottom 1% of the universe by float-adjusted market capitalization and in the bottom 0.01% of the universe by turnover.2.Initial Component SelectionThe selection of the initial index components includes the following steps:1). The largest 30 stocks in each country Index (10 for Russia) are ranked by float-adjusted market capitalization. For companies with more than one common share class inthe universe, only the most liquid share class is eligiblefor the index.2). Those 30 stocks (10 for Russia) are then ranked by average U.S.-Dollar trading volume over the three months prior to the selection date.3). A final ranking for each country is calculated by equally weighting the market capitalization and volume ranks.4). The 15 top-ranked stocks (5 for Russia) on each country’s selection list are included in the index.5). The maximum weight of any component is capped at 10%. If necessary, a cap weighting factor is calculated for the stock and applied on the index review date. Between reviews, component weights are free to fluctuate due to changes in market prices. Caps are not adjusted or created to reflect share increases or changes due to price increases between reviews.Periodic Review1.Annual Review ProcessThe annual review process includes the following steps:1). Repeat steps one and two in Section 3.2 of the Initial Component Selection.2). A final ranking for each country is calculated by equally weighting the market capitalization and volume ranks.3). All current components ranked in the top 20 (7 for Russia) are retained in the index, by selecting current components first and then moving to non-components, subject to the following buffer rules:All non-components ranked in the top 10 (3 for Russia) are added to the index.If the component count following the buffer additions is less? than 15 (5 for Russia), companies are added to the country’s segment until the count reaches its target. If the count would be more than 15 (5 for Russia), companies are removed, starting with the lowest ranked stock until the target is reached.2.Quarterly Update ProcessThe component shares outstanding and free-float factors are reviewed quarterly to coincide with the review of the Dow Jones Global Indexes. The weighting of each component is capped at 10% of the index’s total market capitalization at each quarterly update, if necessary.3.Announcement PeriodComponent changes as a result of the annual review are announced after the close of trading on the second Friday in September and take effect at the open of trading on the next business day following the third Friday in September. Changes to a component’s shares, free-float factors and 10%-cap factors as a result of the quarterly updates are implemented after the closing values have been established on the third Friday in March, June, September and December, and are effective at the open of the next trading day.4.Implementation DateComponent changes as a result of the annual review are implemented after the official closing values have been established on the third Friday in September and are effective at the open of the next trading day. Changes to a component’s shares, free-float factors and 10%-cap factors as a result of the quarterly updates are implemented after the closing values have been established on the third Friday in March, June, September and December, and are effective at the open of the next trading day.Index MaintenanceIn addition to the scheduled annual review, the Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is reviewed on an ongoing basis. A change to the index composition and a related weight adjustment is necessary whenever there is an extraordinary event (e.g. delisting, bankruptcy, merger, takeover, etc.) involving an index component. In these cases, each event is accounted for as soon as it is effective. Such changes in an index’s components are announced, whenever possible, two days prior to their implementation. Divisor adjustments are made using the formulas and procedures described in Section 8.3 of the Guide to the Dow Jones Global Indexes. The current index divisors are updated daily and disseminated at www.djindexes.com.1.Changes of Primary-Market ListingIn the event that a component company’s primary-market listing is moved to an ineligible exchange as defined in Section 3.1, the company will be removed from the Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index.2.Monthly Selection ListA selection list is created at the end of each month and upon a listing of any eligible large IPO. The selection list comprises the top 30 companies (10 for Russia) in the Dow Jones China Offshore Index and the Brazil, Russia and India country indexes based on float-adjusted market capitalization. The list indicates possible changes in the composition of the index at the next annual review and is used to determine replacements for stocks that are removed from the index due to mergers, financial distress or similar extraordinary events.3.Early RemovalAny company that is removed from the Dow Jones China Offshore Index or the Brazil, Russia or India DJGI index that is also a component of the Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index is automatically removed from that index at the same time.4.Spinoffs and Related RestructuringsIf an index constituent is restructured into two or more new companies, the largest new company in terms of market capitalization will be included in the index immediately after the close of trading on the day the restructuring becomes effective, providing it otherwise would be eligible for index membership. If the restructuring involves an index constituent spinning off a portion of its business to form a new company or companies, the parent company, if otherwise eligible for index membership, generally will be retained in the index until the next annual review. However, there may be situations where a spinoff, due to its size, may be retained in an index instead of the legally surviving parent company.5.MergersIf an index constituent merges with another company, component or non-component, its index membership will be assumed by the new company immediately after the close of trading on the effective date of the merger, providing the new company also qualifies for the index. If both companies are current index components, the top-ranked non-component from the most current selection list will fill the vacancy created by the merger.6.TakeoversIf an index component is taken over by another component company, the former will be removed from the index immediately after the close of trading on the day the takeover becomes effective. The replacement will be the highest ranked non-component from the most recent available selection list. If an index component is taken over by a non-component company, the acquiring company will replace its position in the index, provided the acquiring company meets all eligibility criteria. Otherwise, the highest ranking non-component from the most recent available selection list will be selected as the replacement.7.Delisting and BankruptcyIf an index constituent is delisted by its primary market or is in bankruptcy proceedings, it will be removed from the index immediately. It will be replaced by the highest-ranking non-component from the most recent available selection list.Data Correction PolicyTo maintain a high standard of data integrity, a series of procedures have been implemented to ensure accuracy, timeliness and consistency. Input prices are monitored using a variety of computerized range-check warning systems for both ticker-plant and real-time index systems. Fault tolerant methods are employed in the collection of market and corporate action data. Various verification and audit tasks are performed to ensure the quality of the real-time data feeds and related market data.While significant efforts are taken to ensure the accuracy of the information used for the index calculation, an index error may occur due to incorrect or missing data, including trading prices, exchange rates, shares outstanding and corporate actions, operational errors or other reasons.前十名成份股资料摘要